Do You Like Surprises ? Why?

To be surprised is for the flow of life to reach you personally, to be a participant in the unpredictability of life, for better or for worse. To never be surprised is to live an incredibly sheltered life, or to be completely insensitive to the ebb and flow of live around you. I often like to be surprise even from the childhood. My surprises come just on holidays such as St. Nicholas or Santa Claus.I remember when my parents tried for years to make for us my holiday surprises, like putting at foot tree or in boots various gifts that always surprises me with joy. Lately, when I got married my husband was the one who started to make for me different surprises, surprised me with things material or spiritual. I remember with nostalgia, when I was kid looking forward to the winter holidays? to receive gifts. I have long believed in Santa Claus a holiday and in holy Romanian Orthodox calendar, where it comes my name â€Å"Nicoleta†.I love more than Santa Claus because my mom always surprises me with gifts twice. Once she put it in my shoes toy, candy, and later surprised me with cake, cookies, and we celebrate a birthday with neighbor’s children or from school that were my guest’s surprise. Nowadays, although I grew up with my mother surprised with call or gifts when we are closed. My husband the second person in my life who conquered surprises me is my husband. He fell in love with me since the first moment of surprise.We have met on the Internet, and the first surprise that I did it after two months of online conversation was coming to Romania to see me. Of course, he came laden with gifts for the whole family, although we do not knew very well. I thought he was a nice gesture and I took it as a charity. Another surprise was when he comeback next time with Engagement ring and he asked me to be his wife. However, after that come more, and more surprises from his part and my life became changes. In conclusion, I like to make surprises as well as to accept them,

History of human resource management

Human resource management has always been a part of man’s life even before its name was suggested. This paper will discuss how human resource management has changed over the years. The paper will also discuss how the changes in workforce has effected the human resource management of today. The effects of globalization in today’s HRM will also be looked after in this paper. The world has changed over the years and so has the jobs. New jobs have been created and now labor is taken differently by the employers. The economy has brought a big change in how people take the challenges of human resource today. History of Human resource management Human resource management means to manage the people. It is also known as personnel management at times. The human resource management has changed over the past years. Now it is not only about dealing with the employees of the organization but to also see other parts of the organization. The human resource managers of today are more involved in workforce identification and establishment of the firms. Today it is more about strategically managing the firms. Different definitions have been given in the past after looking at the changes that occurred in this field of human resource (Mote, n. d. ). In the past, human resource management was referred to as the labor management. Chinese are known to be the pioneers of the management. Before any other man came up with the concept of human resource the Greeks had already developed the idea of it. Many past civilizations used the concept of human resource management but were not familiar that what it exactly was. The main idea of HRM remains the same and that is to have maximum productivity for the organization. The difference that has arrived is of the strategies that are now involved in achieving this goal of greater productivity through proper management of labor (Lockwood, 2005). In the start the economies around the world were based on agriculture. People worked as farmers or worked for landlords to earn their living. Everyone was on their own and only landlords were the basic human resource managers at that time. Then came the industrial revolution and things changed. Workforce shifted. People switched jobs. A big lot left farming and moved towards working in an industry to earn a better living. Due to this revolution immigration towards developing countries also increased. The human resource management became more complex now. The task now was to deal with people from different nationalities (Khilawala, n. d. ). The culture was different and therefore styles had to be adapted in order to maximize productivity. Proper techniques were developed and recruitment and selection took place through proper channels. With the rise of industrial revolution also came the task of dealing with unions. The human resource department thus had to find ways to resolve conflicts between unions and management. The function of HR changed again. A major shift came from the idea of having a corporate culture. This way people were given more importance. The efficiency was not the only important factor then. The worker’s satisfaction to gain efficiency was now the issue. Human resource management had to again go through the new process of developing new ways of keeping the employees satisfied. The people started looking for jobs that would give them more satisfaction and an environment where they can achieve success with satisfaction. Now it was just not the era of industry but competitive industries(Friedman, n. d. ). Different laws came and the human resource department gained more importance. The corporate put a lot of emphasis on this department because a lot of laws had been passed and no organization wanted a law suit against them from their employees. The human resource department took a new turn when strategic human resource management was introduced. New strategies were now involved and the human resource department was being looked at from a different angle (Mote, n. d. ). The human resource management of today is an entirely different thing. People shift jobs and look at the aspects of better living styles. Globalization has changed the way people see human resource department now. The multi national companies have strong human resource managers in order to look after the employees from different nationalities. This helps in building a strong reputation of the organization. The human resource managers of today not only have to look after the people but the organization as a whole. The main job of today’s human resource managers is to have a focused approach of how the strategies of the organizations will be followed. So it all depends on the human resource managers and their style of management that how they carry the organization in order to achieve greater productivity. The better the attitude of human resource manager the better would be the response from the employees. It is the main job of the managers to keep a focused approach on how to keep the managers and employees satisfied specially in today’s world where there role is so diversified.

Essay on “The Red Scarf Girl” by Ji Li Jiang

â€Å"The Red Scarf Girl† â€Å"Many friends have asked me why, after all I went through, I did not hate Chairman Mao and the Cultural Revolution in those years. The answer is simple: we were all brainwashed. †p. 276 The book â€Å"The Red Scarf Girl† is a memoir written by author Ji Li Jiang recounting what it was like to grow up during the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, taking place in China from 1965 to 1968.During this time, a political leader named Mao Zedong convinced the people of China that the â€Å"four olds†, or the old ways of China, were wrong and that the only way for their country to move forward was to completely revamp their beliefs and ways of life; basically creating a whole new culture for the Chinese. By ways of torture as well as basically brainwashing the people into thinking whatever he said was true, Chairman Mao single handedly shaped China’s culture by removing all anti-communist beliefs.During the first part of th is book, little things that Ji Li Jiang witnesses and says hints that Chairman Mao was forcing change onto the people of China. For example, in chapter 2, Ji Li helps destroy a sign for the Great Prosperity Market, saying that names like this are four olds. Many other words and phrases such as â€Å"fortune† and â€Å"innocent† were also considered four olds, and were not to be used. But this was just the first step of Chairman Mao’s plan.He also convinced his workers, called â€Å"the red guards†, to publicly humiliate people for various anti-Communist acts. These public humiliations got more and more violent as time went on; in the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, people were mainly humiliated for their clothing. On page 30, a man’s clothing is cut apart while he is standing in the middle of a street because the tight pants and pointed shoes he wore were considered four olds; â€Å"†¦tight pants and pointed shoes are what the Western b ourgeoisie admire.For us proletarians, they are neither good looking nor comfortable† said the Red Guard preforming this act. But as the story progresses, people are forced to wear dunce caps and signs with horrible messages written about them around their neck. They were then paraded around while people yelled horribly mean things at them, sometimes even throwing things. Many people were treated this way because of their, or someone in their family’s occupation; if you or anyone in your family was a landlord, you would definitely be treated this way.Landlords were believed to be â€Å"black welps†, meaning that they were evil people, because they would take land from the poor if they did not pay their taxes, and also often were wealthy enough to afford housekeepers. Many teachers were also treated harshly if the Red Guards had any reason to believe that they were teaching their students anti-communist ideas. The people of China did not think twice about this beh avior, however, because Chairman Mao had convinced them that people like this should be treated harshly. To us Chairman Mao was god. He controlled everything we read, everything we heard, and everything we learned in school. We believed everything he said. Naturally, we knew only good things about Chairman Mao and The Cultural Revolution. Anything bad had to be the fault of others. Mao was blameless. † (p. 276) Certain people were treated even more severely. Struggle meetings (gatherings within the workplace where people were publicly humiliated) were very common and often used physical violence to correct people.During one struggle meeting, a woman is beaten and forced to climb the chimney of a factory as a punishment, for she was believed to be a teacher pushing anti-communist beliefs on her students. Ji Li Jiang’s father is forced to partake in these daily because he was believed to be conspiring against the communist party. Even if The Red Guards did not have substa ntial evidence to torture these people, they had full permission to anyway under the power of Chairman Mao. â€Å"When I started to write this book, I asked An Yi’s mother if she had hated Mao when she was forced to climb the factory chimney. I didn’t hate him’ she told me. ‘I believed that the Cultural Revolution was necessary to prevent revisionism and capitalism from taking over China. I knew that I was wronged, but mistakes happen under any system. If the country was better for the movement that persecuted me, I was still in favor of it. It was only after Mao’s death that I knew I was deceived. † For Ji Li Jiang, it was not until her father was tortured that she realized that the Cultural Revolution may not have been great as it sounded. Before then, Ji Li Jiang actively participated in these events.So did all of her siblings and classmates. They all believed whole heartedly that Chairman Mao was doing this for the good of the people. Bef ore the Cultural Revolution, people had big ceremonies for their ancestors, and for the Chinese New Year. They believed in many superstitions, such as not sweeping the floor on New Year’s Day as to not sweep out the god of wealth, and eating spring rolls to â€Å"roll in the money†. People were not ridiculed because they were wealthy; wealth was admired and people strived for it. People collected stamps and other valuable things and cherished them with all their hearts.They kept photographs of themselves and their family members. They wore fancy clothes on special occasions, and the elderly kept elaborately decorated trunks containing all their families heirlooms and passed them down from generation to generation. People were allowed to hire housekeepers to help them around the house and with taking care of their children. But during the Cultural Revolution, none of these things were allowed. They were all considered four olds, and people’s houses were searched and pillaged to make sure that none of these things were going on.Years after the Cultural Revolution, Chairman Mao was proven guilty of unleashing this chaos onto the people of China purely to protect his own political position. â€Å"It was only after Mao’s death in 1976 that people woke up. We finally learned that the whole Cultural Revolution had been part of a power struggle at the highest levels of the Party. Our leader had taken advantage of our trust and loyalty to manipulate the whole country. This is the most frightening lesson of the Cultural Revolution: without a sound legal system, a small group or even a single person can take control of an entire country. This is as true now as it was then. †

Create of arts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Create of arts - Assignment Example In the movie, Jeff suspects one of his neighbors has murdered his wife and tries to investigate through his rear window. The manner in which events unfold raise the element of suspense. 3. The main theme is that of voyeurism. The main actor is put in a position which is usually left for the viewers, that of watching without being seen. The viewer watches the main actor watching his neighbors. It shows what goes on in the lives of different problems and what they go through. Furthermore, the lengths people go through to solve problems is highlighted. 4. Movies can be approached from a feministic or masculine approach. They can also be analyzed based on the theme, the target audience or focusing on a character among others. The movie ‘Rear Window’ is usually analyzed from a feminist perspective because of the role played by the female. Most characters in the movie are female. The lonely woman who entertains inexistent gentlemen callers, the woman with an active social life, the wife who was murdered, the photographer’s girlfriend and the nurse are some of the main women in film. They play a key role on plot development. 5. Despite the age of the film, it is still very relevant. The concept of murder is very real and so is the fact that one cannot really know their neighbors. The movie can still instill fear and suspense in the viewer. The fact that one of your neighbors could be secretly watching you is also frightening. The film can be made even more frightening with modern technology and special effects. 6. Sigmund Freud was a psychoanalyst credited with many studies about the mind and mental state. Alfred Hitchcock’s movie incorporate several aspects of the Freud’s studies in terms of the lengths people go to and what makes them

Marketing principles and applications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing principles and applications - Essay Example In fact, a consumer can use the appliance even without reading the instructions leaflet. In opposition with other appliances of the same characteristics the particular coffee maker offers to the consumer the impression of being involved in a unique experience: a series of color icons, showing cups of coffee of different size, helps the user to decide the type of coffee preferred. Then, icons showing spoons full of sugar and coffee help the user to decide on the amount of coffee and sugar that should be used for the type of coffee chosen. Finally, an icon with cup of milk is used for showing to the user his potential to choose a cup of coffee with milk. Particular emphasis has been also given to the components of the appliance. High quality materials have been used ensuring that the flavor of the coffee is strong. In the context of the issues discussed above, the appliance chosen fully supports the firm’s mission statement, which focuses on quality, convenience and innovation, as described in the introduction section. 2.   Classify Company G’s products using the three-way consumer product classification system. The three-way Consumer Product Classification system is based on the following rule: products can be classified in three categories according to specific characteristics. Reference is made particularly to ‘convenience, shopping and specialty goods’ (Boone & Kurtz, 2012, p.352). The particular system is quite helpful for the development of effective marketing strategies (Boone & Kurtz, 2012, p.352). However, the system is also related to an important weakness: consumer preferences worldwide are not standardized (Ferrell & Hartline, 2010). In fact, differences can be identified in consumer trends even within the same market and in regard to the same product. For example, the performance of a product can be changed within the same market under the impact of severe turbulences in the global market (Ferrell & Hartline, 2010). In ge neral convenience products are those that are highly popular, at least more than shopping products which are not necessarily incorporated in consumers’ daily shopping (Boone & Kurtz, 2012). Moreover, specialty goods are goods of specific characteristics and, usually, of high price (Boone & Kurtz, 2012). Using the above classification system Company G’s products could be classified by referring to three categories: convenience, shopping and specialty goods. It should be noted that the Table refers only to the firm’s small appliances and not to all its products. The consumer factors involved in the classification process are presented in the first column. In the three other columns the relevance of the firm’s products to each product category is analyzed. A rounded rectangle is used for showing the product category to which the firm’s products are nearer; the blue color indicates a high relevance, the green color is used for showing an average releva nce while the red color shows the lack of any relevance. Consumer factor (Boone & Kurtz, 2012, p.352) Convenience products Shopping products Specialty products Time spent on identifying the firm’s products The firm’s products cannot be chosen instantly Thought is required before buying the firm’s products The decision-making process in regard to the purchase of the firm’s products may takes a lot of time Location of the firm’s products The firm’s products are not available in all retail stores The firm’

Should all father's be given parental responsibility automatically by Essay

Should all father's be given parental responsibility automatically by the law - Essay Example This is quite unfair to the father. As it stands, the law can be said to be wanting for various reasons. The number of births outside marriage continues to grow as a fraction of the total number of births. In 1996, the Lord Chancellor's department figures showed that 35.8% of births on UK were outside marriage, of which 58% indicated both parents living together (Townsend and Baker 1998). This shows an active continued participation of the father in the life of both the mother and the child. As well it is a clear indication of a significant number of mothers holding no reservations to the fathers' participation in their lives, prescribing that of their children (Anne and Probert 2004). Two principal means by which fathers acquire parental responsibility are parental responsibility agreement with the mother,( and registering it with the principle registrar of the family division), and parental responsibility orders. Looking at both, the figures show that a very small percentage of the parents has pursued these means. In 1996, despite registering 232,663 births outside of marriage, only 5,587 parental responsibility orders were given by the courts and a meager 3,000 parental responsibility agreements were registered. ... This is not necessarily a show of lack of concern on the unmarried fathers part. Instead, it brings to light the common assumption that living together outside of marriage grants one common rights before the law. The long judicial processes are in any case, not ideal for anyone. Granting automatic parental rights would go along way in ensuring that these fathers do not have to worry about the long judicial processes but take up their roles as they ought as early as possible. Otherwise, they might continue to avoid the imagined or real humiliation and intimidation in the court or getting an attorney to help them in the signing of the agreement (Lewi Gatvitz and Clarke). Without a doubt, generally categorizing all unmarried fathers as irresponsible or as being of questionable character as the law currently does, as deceptive a heuristic as it is dangerous. It is deceptive because unmarried fathers are just a small representation of what the society is. If we pick married fathers or unmarried mothers or married mothers as other representations of the society, then we will find that there are also men or women who conduct themselves poorly within them. Marital status does not automatically mean a certain character, good or bad (Townsend and Baker 1998). The law should be the first to reflect this reality. If this was the attitude in law then automatic parental responsibility would smell closer for the unmarried fathers (Townsend and Baker 1998). The discrimination due to marital status would end too. Fathers have both a practical and a symbolic significance to the lives of children. To enable them be more effective fathers, the law should seem to acknowledge the importance of the father-child bond. By denying unmarried fathers parental responsibility, they are also

THE ROLE OF NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATION(NGOs) IN THE FORMULATION OF Essay

THE ROLE OF NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATION(NGOs) IN THE FORMULATION OF EFFECTIVE MARITIME POLICIES - Essay Example NGOs influence the formulation of maritime policy through the various roles they play in the society. The marine policy is the sector of private and public policies that looks into marine conservation and protection (Roe, 2013, p.411). In respect to the system, they are established in accordance with both national and international laws and regulation. Also, it requires consideration of maritime labor, ocean laws, policy, and managements as well as maritime security and defense. The Integrated Maritime Policy endeavors to provide a more logical approach to marine issues, which improves coordination between diverse policy areas (Roe, 2013, p. 413). First, the plan focuses on the issues that are not covered under one sector-based policy, for instance, blue growth that checks on economic growth in relation to various maritime sectors. Second, it deals with issues that need the coordination of dissimilar sectors and actors, for example, maritime knowledge and data. The other areas of concern include maritime spatial planning, integrated maritime surveillance and sea basin strategies. In exploring the roles and goals of NGOs towards the maritime policy formulation, this essay focuses on four NGOs. First, we have the Greenspace NGO. Secondly, the essay focuses on the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). The International Union For The Conservation Of Nature (IUCN) is the third NGO. Finally, the essay will explore the Green Reef NGO. These NGOs have their areas of specification in relation to International Maritime Organization (IMO) requirements. IMO fights for the conservation of the sea and ocean waters as well as the aquatic life in those waters (International Maritime Organization, 2011, p. 4). Greenspace NGO, established in the year 2003, operates mainly in the Americas’ territories in the United States (Douglas & James, 2015, p. 462). Greenspace, NCR, Inc. refers to a non-profit

Case Study Discuss the pathpyysiology of Myelofibrosis Essay - 1

Case Study Discuss the pathpyysiology of Myelofibrosis - Essay Example They are therefore heterogeneous diseases which occur within the bone marrow within the hematopoietic stem cell. These cells produce large numbers of cells which mature fairly normally, but later result in rapid destruction of mature blood cells in the circulating bloodstream, primarily in the spleen (Vainchenker, 2005) Myelofibrosis can be associated with malignant diseases, such as leukemias, polycythemia, Hodgkin’s lymphoma and cancer with marrow metastases. It is also associated with reactions to infections (TB, osteomyelitis) and toxins, including X- or Y-Radiation and benzene (Advani, 2008). Recent research results in molecular biology have pointed to some causes of myelofibrosis. An exciting discovery was the identification of the JAK2 V617F mutation in patients with myeloproliferative disorders (Villeval, 2006). It has been demonstrated that this factor is present in many patients with myeloproliferative disorders, including 90% of polycythemia vera (PV) and about 50% of thrombocythemia and idiopathic myelofibrosis patients. This finding of an underlying genetic mutation for many myelofibrotic patients suggests that future therapies may be developed which are more targeted to the basic underlying causes of the disease. The diagnosis of myelofibrosis starts with a peripheral blood film. Because myelofibrosis can result in a large number of circulating blood fragments, it is advisable to support automated hematology analyzers’ CBC results with a manual film. In most cases, myelofibrosis is diagnosed in the earlier stages with splenomegaly, or an enlarged spleen. It can cause an infarction of the spleen, anemia (which is most probably related to spleen function) or increases in LDH which are not linked with other causes. As the spleen is an important part of blood cell production and destruction, a blood cell morphological study can help to rule in or rule out myelofibrosis as the causative factor for

In what ways did US officials act to build a global order under US Essay

In what ways did US officials act to build a global order under US leadership, during and after World War Two, and what were the essential features of that order - Essay Example According to Hudson (2008), foreign policy is â€Å"the strategy or approach chosen by the national government to achieve its goals in its relations with external entities† (p. 12). Kaufman (2010), in turn, writes that the formulation of foreign policy denotes a process of reassessing certain policies – either previous or existing ones – as a result of changing circumstances. In general, the process of foreign policy decision making not only involves various domestic actors aiming for certain outcomes, most notably the national government, but is also highly dependent upon regional and global developments, factors, and forces, which constitute the particular international context. While most of the foreign policy decisions, whether being concerned with international trade, economic and diplomatic relations, immigration policies, etc., could be considered relatively routine, there are extraordinary ones where the stakes appear to be extremely high (Kaufman, 2010), like the formation of strategic alliances, decisions on whether to go to war or make peace, etc. On the other hand, even those foreign policy decisions, which are generally considered routine, inevitably attract more attention in election years, or when an extraordinary event or development occurs (Kaufman, 2010). Thus, as noted by Kaufman (2010), foreign policy is not only of concern to diplomats or bureaucrats but can affect everyone. Two conceptions of what the American type of government should consists in had been put forward at the very dawn of the United States – that of Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton (Kaufman, 2010). While Jefferson didn’t conceal his animosity towards à ¢â‚¬Å"a very energetic government† (US Department of State, n.d.; Peterson, 1993), Alexander Hamilton, in turn, argued in favour of a strong relationship between the national government and big business, order, efficiency, as well as for the necessity of integrating the country – under favourable terms however – into the international system (Kaufman, 2010). Even though these views seem opposite to each other, historians aptly point out that Hamilton and Jefferson â€Å"often arrived at the same practical conclusion† (Harper, 2004, p.104). Not surprisingly therefore, the principles of economic development and non-interference in the European conflicts remained â€Å"a matter of consensus†, and the pillars of American foreign policy until the early twentieth century (Harper, 2004, p.104). Nevertheless, the purchase of Louisiana from France during the presidency of Thomas Jefferson and the War of 1812 signalled more or less a considerable shift in US foreign policy behaviour. The success of the purchase of Louisiana could be deemed to have set the precedent for buying the strip of land along the American–Mexican border in 1853 – named after the American general and diplomat James Gadsden, aka the Treaty of La Mesilla (Ibarra, 2004; Yale Law School, n.d.) – as well as Alaska from the Russian empire in 1867. The War

Business Portfolio Presentation and Paper Essay Example for Free

Business Portfolio Presentation and Paper Essay The business organization of the consulting company is that the leadership group will work hands-on with the consultants to ensure internal customer knowledge and external customer satisfaction. The consultant staff will work with the sales staff for a week to understand the tasks that they have. The sales staff will work with the consultants at the business to better understand the customer’s expectation. The Human Resources Department will work all facets of the business to have an understanding, this will allow them to speak to performance issues if they should arise. The potential legal issues that this business might face are if there are inaccuracies with billing. The consultants will also face challenges with following both policies of the consulting company, and adhering to the policies of our client’s business. Failure to do so on our behalf will result in a breach of contract by our company. The ethical issues that the business will have is to act as if the consultant was an employee of the company. The consultant should refrain from the fraternization of employees of our client. Our client needs to know where they can optimize profit and fraternizing with their employees would hinder the consultant’s ability to give a fair assessment if they were looking to cut jobs to save costs. The business culture of the consulting firm will be customer-centric. Every employee with put the customer at the core of everything that we do. The leaders of the company will put the internal customers at their core and employees will put the clients at theirs. The company will build on the foundation of putting people first. The Human Resources Department will be in charge of following-up to ensure that we are executing at the highest level in this area. The company will use anonymous employee surveys and customer surveys to ensure the highest satisfaction to internal and external customers. The motivation that the company will utilize will be a comprehensive benefits  package to include 401K with a 5% match, health insurance, and performance based bonus program. The co mpany will also have a variety of cross-training to all employees to ensure that the employees are well trained to perform their tasks efficiently. The technology that the company will use will be computers, laptops, cell phones, and tablets. The computers will be used to process all the customers’ invoices and will store the customers’ contacts also. The company will store any excess information on an external hard drive. The laptops will be given to the sales, consulting, and to Human Resources Departments. The cell phones will be given to all employees to stay in contact with company personnel and the customers. The tablets will be given to the consultants to document notes while at the client’s location. The Human Resources Department will handle the five components of human resources management in the following manner: 1) Recruitment and Selection – The applicant selection process is based off their experience and education, with an emphasis on experience. Human Resources will also look into job history and background. Once HR screens the potential employee, they will schedule a second interview with operations leadership with the applicant. 2) Training and Development – HR will setup the training schedule for the new employees and will schedule the new employee with a top performer in the department. For the existing employees, HR will also schedule and track all the employees to ensure that they get cross-training in the other departments to understand the business better. 3) Performance Appraisal and Feedback – HR will be in charge of tracking performance appraisals and feedback. However, the leaders of each department will be responsible for executing this and forwarding the information to the HR Department. HR will put this information into the employees’ personnel files. 4) Pay and benefits – The pay structure and benefits will be looked at and setup with collaboration of the owner and the HR Department. HR will keep leadership aware of current pay in this field in order to retain employees. HR will ensure that employees receive the benefits package that the company offers when they become eligible for them. 5) Labor relations – HR will schedule employee commitment and satisfaction surveys and compile the results for the leadership of the company. Pulse surveys will also be used by HR to follow-up on results from the commitment and satisfaction survey opportunities that the employees highlight. The costs of operations  on the business would include the following: lease, payroll, insurance, taxes, legal fees, utilities, cell phone, and office supplies. The business would need all of these items to run the operations effectively. The company is relying on their quality service for their clients business to cover all these costs, and to ensure that the business is profitable.

Effects Of Sexist Advertising In Women Cultural Studies Essay

Effects Of Sexist Advertising In Women Cultural Studies Essay Sexism is an actual strategy in advertisement, especially against women, although it has been appreciated like more violent in past, it is still damaging womens dignity, behavior and thinking. First of all some concepts to clarify the topic, are sexism and advertising. Sexism is defined as: Discrimination based on gender, especially discrimination against women; Attitudes, conditions, or behaviors that promote stereotyping of social roles based on gender. (Oxford English dictionary, 6th edition). Advertising can be defined as: the activity or profession of producing advertisements for commercial products or services; Advertising is attempting to influence the buying behavior of customers or clients by providing a persuasive selling message about a product and/or service. (Oxford English dictionary, 6th edition). In old advertisements we could see an explicitly how women were battered by their husbands, it was appreciated as a normal thing, even being promoted by advertising; the men had the right to abuse their wives in order to teach them where was their place. Although today we can see some ads talking about respecting women and condemning the abuse against them, the advertising still mistreats women in many aspects and affects their lives and behavior. Woman is seen as a sex object or decorative object. The ads we can see today in the street, television, Internet, radio or print media show us the view that in advertising the value of women is her body and body image, rather than their ability to promote a service or product with ideas and good arguments. Some examples are beer ads that show beautiful and scantily clad women to catch consumers attention. In this case we can not only appreciate the use of women as objects but also the prejudice of mens products in this case the beer is seen as a product consumed only by men, as also happens with cars and cars products. A text published for San Joaquin Delta college (1997) says Advertisements like these, though seemingly aimed towards women, are actually exploiting them en route to their actual target: men (para. 2). This means that men are de main receiver of this kind of advertisements because they are seen like the main consumer. And clearly most of the ads that with can see everyday are meant to men. This creates the idea that women are another product of the market, which can be bought, because you can get them for buying a car or a beer. Even more, it would not be necessary to buy them because women love men who have a beautiful and luxurious car and they are even able to run after a man who uses a determined deodorant or perfume. This creates in man the idea of women as a trophy and he is able to buy and use certain products or services to achieve having a beautiful woman by his side. Through many ads we see how the image of a beautiful woman is used, without any justification, since it is not related to the product being promoted and there is no reason that joins the use or purpose of the product with that image. The meaning of that image does not represent the meaning of a certain service, and neither is not part of what the user searches, nor part of the functions that service provides. It seems that the female body is seen as a decoration in advertising, it is seen as an ornament as the background or the colors used in an advertisement. Rather than consumers of those products women are seen as a striking accompaniment to show the product or service. Advertising creates in women a feeling of discomfort and dissatisfaction with their bodies and possessing material goods. Through ads we can see beautiful women who have greater opportunities, get what they want easily, appear to be most desired and cherished and have a happier and easier life. That is why this type of advertising is of great importance not only in the consumption habits of women, but also in their thinking, as most are influenced by this endless search for beauty whether through diet products, cosmetics, fashionable clothes or Through cosmetic surgery to alter her physique according to standards of beauty established by magazines and advertisements of all kinds. These standards of beauty are deeply rooted in our society and women of all ages are influenced by them, besides the advertising and the market have been responsible for creating products for all ages, so every woman can have a need and a product to make she think in a feeling of satisfaction when buying this product . For example if youre a teenager you need products against acne and if youre older you need products against wrinkles. These products create in women the idea of material needs that they really do not need. Then every day there are new products been created, products that are not really primordial and that in most of the cases do not achieve what they are promising to the consumers. Escuchar Leer fonà ©ticamente Diccionario Ver diccionario detallado preposicià ³n within in inside into Today we can see in all kinds of media the image of thin women as a standard or prototype of beauty. This can create in women, especially in young women, an obsession with thin bodies, with an urgent and fast lost of weight and whatever is need to achieve the perfect body. We could say that these images of thin women and its appreciation in an aesthetics way rather than a healthy life or having a healthy body, influence the physical and metal vision that women have about their own bodies. The losing weight is shown by the ads as a miraculous event, which should be fast and promises to women success, happiness and even love and men desire. So trough this lies and false promises women see the solution to some self-confidence problem. There is no legislation that can protect consumers from the false promises or false results that some products can offer, so women are not only prone to be cheated bye these ads, but also lacking of support. Todays ads promote the idea that women are inferior, less capable or less intelligent. todays advertising promotes the idea that women are not capable of performing certain activities due just to the fact that they are women, or if they do, they are responsible of accidents because they are not capable or have a lower level of intelligence or simply because it is an activity that only men can do well. One example is an advertisement that shows a beautiful woman who carelessly crashes her car boot to another at the back, then is deceived by a man who says to be the owner of the other car, asking for her phone number to a supposed reckoning, the advertisement hints a possible meeting between the characters, and a mans double intention of seducing the beautiful woman. Just as there are activities which by their difficulty can only be performed by men, there are activities that are mandatory tasks for women such as child care, housework, etc. That is why cleaning products and domestic products are promoted by housewives and men in any case are users of these products. This is complemented by the idea of a chauvinist society, not only created by men, but also being promoted by the women themselves, as they have the image of themselves as responsible to do the laundry, the house cleaning, the cooking, etc. Ads are cooperating in this mentality, with women being the target of cleaning products. In conclusion, I could say that there are many disadvantages in the use of sexism in advertising and it affects mens and womens minds, especially womens, who have been and are, exposed everyday to ideas and advertising strategies to control their behavior, thoughts, culture, etc. Some of these ideas and advertising strategies can cause damage not only in women lives but also in our society and personal life style. In my opinion advertising and todays society are responsible of many ideas an stereotypes that influence women and in some how cause them feelings like frustration, dissatisfaction and anxiety about their bodies, clothes, material goods, behavior, etc. Also I think that they can cause great damage in people who are more likely to be influenced by ideas and stereotypes that Advertising offers today, like adolescents who are bombed with promises of beauty that would bring them self-confidence, happiness, love, friendship, admiration, fame, and a social status that would be respected by their peers. Because of these that ignore or allow this kind of violent and discriminating advertising in our society should not be accepted, we should be active and conscious consumers of advertising, products and services. Keep our eyes open to see what is behind the messages that we are receiving every moment, in order to protect our selves, our family and our pocket. Besides if a product is good for us and useful for our lives, is does not need sexism to be sold. Resources: http://people.eku.edu/winslowm/psy300/tygart.htm http://www.deltacollege.edu/org/deltawinds/DWOnline97/racismandsexisminads.html http://www.oddee.com/item_96674.aspx http://www.answers.com/topic/sexism

Legend of Corn :: Free Essays

Chippewa is a small Native American group live up north. Their whole life of living is base on raising corn, hunting, fishing and tobacco is self entertainment. One day, they found a baby near the shore next to the canoe; they don’t know where the baby comes from but the kindness heart run in their blood, they decide to raise the baby. They also believe, in order to raise to a fine young man, everyone in the village must look after him, teach him how to be one good man. They gave the baby to grandma, and also his mother, as the primarily be on his side. Zhomin, the new baby, they teach him how to swim, how to hunt animal, how to be a fisherman, paddle the canoe, accept your mistake and learn from it, listen to the elder. The boy did everything as his elder tell him too. At night he always begs his mother tell story, he wants to know everything. As day gone by, the boy grow to be a man, his mother now is too old, she dying. His mother belief in supernatural and she is a sacred person, not just an ordinary mother, she knows what will happen in the future, like all other elders in the village they know something that most people don’t. Before she dies she told Zhomin, an outsider will come to this village and look for you, you will do what he wants you to do, never reject. An outsider, Mandabin comes to the village to look for hero in the village to challenge. Zhomin must meets his destiny, must accept Mandabin challenge, that’s his mother moral code. They fight night by nights, at last, Mandabin has come to his last breath, he told Zhomin bury him next to his mother as his final request. Zhomin buried Mandabin next to his mother and accept Mandabin as his friend, he light the fires up four days and nights to pray his friend.

The Character of Claudius in Shakespeares Hamlet Essays -- GCSE Englis

The Character of Claudius in Hamlet      Ã‚      Shakespeare presents Claudius as a character with many faces yet the audience can clearly understand his motives and ambition throughout the play. His character does however change and we clearly see how his evilness and weakness increases as his need to escape discovery and his clandestine nature in doing so, is revealed.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      It is in Act one scene two that we are first introduced to the character of Claudius. The impression made by him is that of a powerful and controlled man who is respected by most. His mannerisms of speech are graceful and are nothing less than the words of a king, 'to bear our heats with grief, and our whole kingdom.' Claudius is presented to us by Shakespeare as a dominant but caring king. He acts in a friendly manner to his subjects "Take thy fair hour, Laertes; thine be thine" and shows warmth to his nephew, " but now my cousin Hamlet, and my son-." To the naked eye of the audience, Claudius may even be seen as a likeable character, but we later understand Shakespeare's use of Claudius's attitude towards his family at this stage, which is unknown to us to be a whole deceitful act. Here we perceive that not only does Claudius have a great knowledge of affairs of state, "now follows that you know young Fortinbras, Holding a weak supposal of our worth." but he is also a g reat actor.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   We know as the viewer of this play, that it was Claudius that committed the murder of his brother Hamlet, and that in selfish reason Claudius took to the throne along as marrying Gertrude, the past kings wife. Like the audience of the Elizabethan times, Hamlet is also mystified at this "O hasty marriage." In his superficial speec... ...Faucit, Helena (Lady Martin). On Some of Shakespeare's Characters. 6th ed. London: William Blackwood and Sons, 1899.    Knight, G. Wilson. "The Embassy of Death." The Wheel of Fire. London: Methuen and Co., Ltd., 1954. p. 38-39. http://server1.hypermart.net/hamlet/wheefire.html N. pag.    Mack, Maynard. "The World of Hamlet." Yale Review. vol. 41 (1952) p. 502-23. Rpt. in Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996.    Madariaga, Salvador de. "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern." "On Hamlet." 2nd ed. London: Frank Cass & Co., Ltd., 1964. p.14-16. http://www.freehomepages.com/hamlet/other/essayson.htm#demag-ess N. pag.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html No line nos.   

The Issue of Money in The Tempest and Othello :: William Shakespeare The Tempest Othello Essays

The Issue of Money in The Tempest and Othello The central issue depicted in both plays The Tempest and Othello is about money. Money in substantial amounts can represent great power and strength over the ruling nation. It plays a major role in our everyday society and one that is fully illustrated in both of Shakespeare’s play. Both of the plays are related to his matter, in that the subplot characters attempt to achieve high respect and, therefore, gain power and strength by deception. A parallelism can be drawn between the characters of Caliban, Trinculo and Stephano from The Tempest to Othello with Iago, Othello involved. Both of these scenes illustrate how the characters Caliban and Othello are easily fooled by deception. What these characters, from both plays, Trinculo and Stephano and Iago do have in common are their evil intentions and conspiracy’s to gain power by deceiving others to believe in them fully. Caliban, a half human and half beast, is easily fooled by the two men, the derivatives of a higher civilization. Trinculo and Stephano have to plans to turn every situation into their own advantage. Although, Caliban possesses much more intellect than those two roguish members labeled as â€Å"civilized†, he submits to the story that they help Caliban murder his deceitful master, Prospero. He declares that Prospero, a skillful magician has wrongfully taken over the island he had inherited from his mother Sycorax. Caliban is not at all appreciative of what Prospero gives to him because he says â€Å"You taught me language† (1,2,362) only and because he â€Å"must obey† (1,2,371) or else Prospero will inflict pain on him. Caliban immediately declares Trinculo and Stephano as his new master as he joyfully sings a song celebrating their initial meetings. Caliban is deceived into believing that Trinculo and Stephano will deliver their promises when in fact those two so called nobleman had another beneficial matter in mind. It is Stephano’s and Trinculo gift of liquor to Caliban that makes him believe that they are from a higher social class. In return Caliban has fallen from an almost intellect into the lowest social being, while Trinculo and Stephano have gained their respect, therefore they have the ability to take control over Caliban. In Othello, the same situation is drawn in that Othello and Caliban from The Tempest are both victimized because of their lack of judgement.

Urban Growth During the Gilded Age: Social, Cultural, Political, and Economic Changes

Rodrigo Sanchez Urban Growth during the Gilded Age: Social, Cultural, Political, and Economic Changes One of the most notable times during the late 19th century was the Gilded Age. This is a term often used to describe this time period since from the outside looking in urban life in America seemed perfect, but in reality, many citizens did not like the changes that were occurring. Since the verb gild means to cover with or as if with a thin coating of gold[1], historians often refer to this time period as â€Å"the Gilded Age†. New ideals about poverty, social reforms, different political approaches, and a new women’s culture brought forth political, economic, social, and cultural changes in urban growth during the Gilded Age. Some were mostly beneficial, but others were not. The Gilded Age was a time of politics, and new forms of it influenced urban growth during this time period. Campaigning was no longer enough to keep voters on your side. George Washington Plunkitt recognized this and changed their approach toward politics. †¦you have to go among the people, see them and be seen†¦I know what they like and what they don’t like†¦Ã¢â‚¬  says Plunkitt as he describes his new strategies (Document E). He goes on to explain how he helps people follow their passion, â€Å"I hear of a young feller that’s proud of his voice†¦I ask him to join our Glee Club,† (Document E). This new form of politics and obtaining votes closely resembles the strategies political bosse s used during this time period. Via favors and help, political bosses secured votes for their political parties. This new way of getting votes, both from politicians and political bosses, changed the way people viewed politics. Politics became a new interest for many, since now they were personally affected by it. Not only that, but people now saw politics as a means of getting what they wanted. Some, such as old immigrants, wanted everything to be closed on Sundays. New immigrants wanted to be able to relax and be able to enjoy their day off on Sundays (Book). Minor things like this got people interested in politics. They now felt they had a voice, and with the new methods of getting votes they were instantly rewarded through favors. Politics during the Gilded age also stirred raw emotions and anger among citizens. The Spoils System was good for many people who were looking for jobs and had made monetary contributions to political campaigns. The people who were on the other side of the spectrum did not like the Spoils System. Ultimately, this system put qualified people out of jobs and replaced them with unqualified people (Book). Those lucky enough to not be affected by the Spoils System who had jobs often suffered bad working conditions in the workplace and low wages. In an effort to reform these conditions unions sprung up throughout American cities. Government oftentimes kept unions down, afraid big companies and factory owners would make them look bad in court. Document C clearly points a finger toward the government. â€Å"†¦man’s liberties are trampled underfoot at the bidding of corporations and trust,† states a letter on labor, as it then explains how tyrants have always found a willing judge â€Å"to clothe that tyranny in the robes of legality† (Document C). With unions down, entrepreneurs kept getting richer and richer. The wealth amounted by these entrepreneurs would be the new political standard. William Graham Sumner stated that America was turning over a new political system, plutocracy. Plutocracy, as defined by Sumner, is a political system in which the ruling force is wealth (Document I). This was in fact true as the rich controlled government, as it is made clear when judges put unions down. All these bad aspects of politics during the Gilded Age were a set back. Regardless, they contributed to the urban growth in the forms of reform movements, and activism by individuals to try to change what they didn’t like. It is clear that there were different views regarding politics during this time period, but there was also a difference in views regarding economics. Different views on poverty altered urban life as well. Those who were better off economically saw poverty as a weakness. They believed the poor were poor because of a lack of work ethic and determination, this theory was known as Social Darwinism. This theory is emphasized by Andrew Carnegie who, in his book Wealth, states that it is â€Å"much better great inequality than universal squalor† (Document A). Not only are those his thoughts about poverty, but he also finds it â€Å"essential for the future progress of the race† (Document A). This belief was shared by many successful entrepreneurs. There were, however, those who did not share this idea. There were those who believed the poor were poor due to their surroundings and the lack of opportunities they had. Such individuals include Jacob A. Riis. In his book, How the Other Half Lives, Riis says, â€Å"If it shall appear that the sufferings and the sins of the ‘other half’, and the evil they breed, are but as just punishment upon the community that gave it no other choice, it will be because that is he truth† (Document H). Riis puts the blame on the community, not on people themselves. This belief is also shared by Jane Addams, who after helping out a German immigrant realized that she didn’t need charity, since she had an â€Å"immense capacity†, but the service of the state’s attorn ey (Document J). These different views on poverty ultimately changed urban life by starting a social reform movement, which will further be discussed later on. Though poverty was an economic predicament, the Gilded Age also brought economic relief for other social groups. New immigrants were one of these groups. Document B provides a story of the struggles two immigrants from Italy faced as they arrived to America. They arrive to Brooklyn, move to Newark, and finally moved back to Brooklyn where they settled in Hamilton Avenue. They go through this hassle in an effort to make money, and pursue a better a better life. But in the end their plans change as one of them states, â€Å"we had said that when we saved $1,000 each we would go back to Italy to buy a farm, but now the time is coming we are so busy and making money that we think we will stay†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Document B). This clearly depicts the economic opportunities immigrants had. But immigrants weren’t the only one benefited, so we middle class Americans. The Gilded Age was prosperous times for middle class Americans, who wanted to appear wealthier than what they were. Thorstein Veblen noticed this behavior among middle class Americans, who conspicuously acquired luxuries to appear richer (Document F). The fact that middle class citizens were able to buy these â€Å"luxuries† leads one to believe that they were economically stable. This economic relief helped along urbanization by giving new immigrants opportunities, which brought more immigrants into America, and by giving middle class Americans something to aspire to. There were new social developments during the Gilded Age, as well? which helped urbanization along. Due to poverty, many people sometimes lived under harsh conditions. Such were cramped housing. Document C provides a blueprint of a dumbbell tenement. This building was 50 feet long and in that span there were seven rooms, think of how small the rooms were! Not only that, but there were only two fire escapes, and the blueprint lacks essentials, such as a bathroom. Riis then states that three-fourths of [New York’s] population used to live in tenements similar to the one shown in Document D (Document H). Needless to say, these were unfit living conditions for any human being. In an effort to fix, or at least improve this, social reforms were started. Organizations such as the Hull House started going into these communities to better understand the conditions poor people lived under. Jane Addams narrates the story of her helping out and going into the community in Document J. This social reform helped the growth of urbanization by lending out a helping hand to the poor. During this time period there was also more social interaction. Due to the popularization of croquet and cycling young men and women now socialized more (Book). Women were also making social changes during the Gilded Age. Education is a tool and weapon to better ourselves, and during the Gilded Age women were now given a fair education. M. Carey Thomas argues that women should have the same education men have (Document G). â€Å"There is no reason to believe that typhoid or scarlet fever or phthisis can be successfully treated by a woman physician in one way and by a man physician in another way,† argued Thomas (Document G). Thomas simply said that whatever a man can do a woman can do it too, and it can be done in the same fashion. This academic reform for women would lead to more and more successful women. With the rising women came the women suffrage. Organizations such as the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA), and the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA) fought for equal voting right for women. All these social changes helped in developing a more equal and fair society for men and women alike. A final part of the growth in urbanization during the Gilded Age includes the cultural changes that occurred. As said before, the economic opportunities during the Gilded Age attracted many immigrants. All immigrants did not come from one place; the â€Å"new immigrants† came primarily from southern and eastern Europe, with some immigrants from other parts of the world as well. With so many cultures together, America became a melting pot of cultures where European food was cooked with American products, polka bands entertained at Polish gatherings, and Mexican ballads acquired new themes (Book). These are obvious cultural changes. America was now a nation where immigrant cultures met and were redefined. Entertainment was a culture in its own. Sports were now a big thing. Baseball and football gained popularity as many more people were able to engage in the sport. Circuses provided families good, healthy entertainment. Everyone was bewildered by the trapeze artists, lion tamers, acrobats, and clowns. Vaudeville was the most popular form of entertainment, it in included jugglers, dancing bears, magicians, and puppeteers. Movies also were a big hit. The fact that the image was moving provided people with amazement and entertainment. This cultural change in particular helped give cities their edge. Where else could people find sports, circuses, vaudevilles, and movies within close proximity? During the Gilded Age urbanization grew due to political, economic, social, and cultural changes. Politically, there were new approaches to getting votes and people got more involved in politics. There were many poor people, and they were viewed differently, but there were also many economic opportunities to succeed. Women also were allowed to succeed, and the poor were given a helping hand. Culture changes redefined American society. All the changes, in one way or another, helped move urbanization along. Some changes were good and some were not as beneficial, but in the end they all contributed to the urban growth during the Gilded Age. ———————– [1] Merriam-Webster’s School Dictionary. Merriam-Webster Inc, Springfield (1999). Gild, 373.

History of Israel Essay

For thousands of years, the small land of Israel has been the site of countless wars between people who claim, for many different reasons, the land as their own. The struggle persists up to this day, and blood continues to spill over what the world considers its Holy Land. Israel’s Biblical Past When one wishes to look at Israel’s history, it is important to study Israel’s Biblical account. This precious volume recounts Israel’s roots, her period of slavery in Egypt, her beginnings as separate tribes in the Promised Land, and the uniting of these tribes under a monarchy. Wood, 1986, p. 3) Fortunately, Biblical accounts of Israel are supported by archaeological data, which makes the information in the Bible historically valid and reliable. Israel is the chosen land for the chosen people. From the Bible, we see that this land was promised by God as reward for Abraham’s faithfulness and obedience to His word. Abraham is considered the Father of the Jewish Nation, and his descendants were the direct beneficiary of God’s covenant with him. However, the journey to the Promised Land would not be easy; it was wrought with so much pain and sacrifices. For quite a long time, the descendants of Abraham were slaves to the Egyptians. Still, they held on to God’s word, and when they were finally freed from slavery by Moses, they began their exodus from Egypt into the Canaan, the land that God has chosen for them. After a generation of wandering, the Jews finally arrived at Canaan. There, they settled as separate tribes, but was eventually unified under one king. Israel’s first king was Saul, but his greatest king was David. After a succession of kings, Israel was banished by God because of their sins. Muslims came to invade the land claiming it as their spiritual land as well. Thus, the Jewish nation lost their Promised Land once again. The Diaspora Since the time that the Jews lost Israel, they have been scattered all over the world. This dispersion is called the Diaspora, and has deeper meanings than mere physical separation or migration to other places. This Diaspora is meant to remind the Jews that they are meant to be together in Israel as God intended them to be. Thus the desire to return to their spiritual land abides even after thousands of years of Diaspora. This longing to return to Israel is made more acute by the persecution of Jews in almost every place they go. While there were isolated pockets of stability, the attempt to settle elsewhere was generally a failure, and they took this as a sign that it is time to return home. The Homecoming A hundred years after the crusades, Jews began to return to Israel in small trickles. Israel then was under Muslim rule, as it has stood when the Crusades failed to retake the land from them. During this time Israel was called Palestine to make the distinction between Jewish Israel. For hundreds of years the Jews made their slow excruciating homecoming, strengthened only by their faith in God that He shall soon restore them to their land. Slowly over many generations, the number of Jews continued to grow. This Jewish homecoming was encouraged by the internal rift within the Ottoman Empire. On one side, the Ottoman Empire was fighting the rebellious Bedouins, while fending off challenges to the legitimacy of the Ottoman State. (Lewis, 1996, p. 333) Gradually, these internal conflicts weakened the once mighty empire. Within the first decade of the twentieth century, the empire lost all of its territories, including Israel, their crown jewel. Thus, the Ottoman Empire was no more. Finally by the end of the nineteenth century, the population of Jews in Palestine was big enough to exert some pressure over Palestine. In 1897, the First Zionist Congress was convened. This Congress formally declared the intention to establish a Jewish state within Palestine that will be recognized by the international community. This move was supported by Britain and the United States, who declared their favor over the creation of an independent Jewish state. However, the declaration did not find steam as the influx of Jews slowed down in the early twentieth century. The resurgence came in the 1940’s when the Holocaust killed millions of Jews in Europe. This unspeakable horror wrought upon the Jews solidified their resolve to build their own country and galvanized support from the international community. After World War II, the United Nations declared that Palestine be split in two, one for the Arabs and one for the Jews. As expected, the Arab world raised their objections against the division. Violence erupted immediately after this announcement and continued unabated until David Ben-Gurion, in accordance with the UN Partition Plan, declared independence for the Jewish nation and the creation of the State of Israel in May 14, 1948. The Holy Wars Right after the creation of the Israeli state, neighboring Arab countries surrounded Israel and attacked them from all sides. With sheer resolve to defend their homeland, the fledgling nation with an inexperienced army was able to repel the invading forces. In fact, the Jewish army went so far as advancing their forces, and occupying territories outside their mandated boundaries; this includes most of the land allocated for the Arabs under the Partition Plan, and half of Jerusalem which was supposed to be a UN-controlled city. A ceasefire was successfully negotiated with current occupation defining the new boundaries of Israel. As a result of the Arab invasion, Israel now straddles a land much bigger than what was given to them in the UN Partition Plan. Hundreds of thousands of refugees from both fronts resulted from this war of Israeli independence. The Jewish refugees who have been expelled from Arab lands continue to flock to Israel, while Arab refugees displaced by the Israeli territory continue to settle along the border in UN-sanctioned refugee camps. Even up to this day, Jews and Arabs trapped in the conflict pray for safe passage. The Promise of Israel Arabs and Jews stare at each other across the border in an uneasy truce. Even up to this day, lasting peace is an elusive dream as extremists from both sides threaten war at any time. Israel has created a deep and far-reaching conflict that affects the entire world. Arab terrorists attack the United States and Britain for being staunch allies of Israel, and the United States, in retaliation, is now holding a war in Iraq. And the violence goes on. That the Holy Land of Israel shall be the site of such violence is indeed mankind’s collective tragedy. Where the story of Israel shall take us, we can never know, but this much I am sure of: the war over the Holy Land will never stop until we find it in our hearts to forgive and accept one another. Perhaps it is the fate of a Chosen Land to never find peace until humanity makes peace with each another. The promise of the Holy Land is the promise of peace, and it is incumbent upon us to bring that promise to its final fulfillment.

Dark Matter: a Basic Understanding

Dark Matter: A Basic Understanding Introduction Many people, from the inquisitive, to those involved in the astronomical sciences have questioned the existence of Dark Matter. While it is called many things today, I will continue to refer to this unseen substance by its original name, Dark Matter. As it is still a theory being researched today to validate its existence and make-up, the discovery of dark matter was first presented to the world some time ago by two very intelligent astronomers. In coming to understand this matter, some of the most common questions we find ourselves asking are: What is it?And, How was it discovered? The most difficult question we all seem to face is â€Å"Does it really exist? † While quite tricky, this question is one that each of us have to conclude an answer to on our own. Therefore to start, I will address the more common questions first, and then I will provide my own answer to the question of its existence. Dark Matter: What is it? When fir st being introduced to Dark Matter, the first question we find ourselves asking is what is it? In and out of the scientific community dark matter is commonly referred to as â€Å"the source of extra gravity,† or the â€Å"mysterious form of matter that is unseen. A more refined scientific definition for dark matter is â€Å"a nonluminous, undetectable, invisible material in the universe that makes up about 70%-80% of its mass. † In short, dark matter is an unseen form of material that contains its own gravity which affects its surrounding materials; i. e. gases, stellar, and celestial bodies. With truly dedicated astronomers and cosmologists focused on the structure and composition of the cosmos, this brings me to explaining how this invisible matter called â€Å"dark matter† was discovered. Dark Matter: How Was It Discovered?In 1932 and 1933, astronomers Jan Hendrick Oort and Fritz Zwicky were the first to postulate the idea of the existence of dark matter. In studying the stellar motions of stars within the galactic plane of the Milky Way galaxy, Astronomer Jan Oort observed that the rotational velocity of stars on this outermost part of the galaxy (galactic plane) was actually increasing versus decreasing. This in itself presented a reason to question this stellar movement further since, based on Newton’s law of gravity, the rotational velocity of stars should steadily decrease the further they are from the galactic center.Oort continued his observations on stellar motions, while astronomer Fritz Zwicky carried out his studies and observations on galactic clusters and how they remained gravitationally bound. During Zwicky’s observations, here is where dark matter was discovered on a much more massive scale. Through Zwicky’s research, he found that there needed to be 10 times as much mass as observed in the form of visible light in order to keep galaxies clustered together. This observation was clear to Zwicky, as i t had been to Oort, that there was a large sum of mass existing within the cosmos that was simply â€Å"non-visible. At this point, astronomers simply referred to this material as â€Å"missing mass. † Being that the peculiar stellar movement counters Newton’s law of gravity, and occurs in the outermost part of the galaxy known as â€Å"galaxy halo’s,† both Oort and Zwicky hypothesized that this â€Å"dark matter† must exist in a spherical form that enshrouds the outermost part of galaxies, thus keeping them from flying apart. In understanding how this matter was discovered, this brings me to the final and most important question, and that is determining if it really exists.Dark Matter: Does It Really Exist? The evidence supporting the existence of dark matter today is very convincing, yet in the scientific community, it is still a theory. Giving a definite answer as to whether it exists is solely up to the individual. Despite this, astronomers ar e continuing to find more convincing information that supports the dark matter theory. For instance, an August 2012 article published in â€Å"Science News Today,† discussed evidence of dark matter filaments (fibers or threads of dark matter) discovered by astronomer Jorg Dietrich and his colleagues.Dietrich and his colleague’s x-ray observations of a pair galaxy clusters called Abell 222/223, revealed a ribbon of hot gas between the clusters. This, along with the galaxies distorted shapes and how light was bent was the first hint of the presence of dark matter. Continued observation of the galaxy clusters revealed a thick cord of invisible matter with a mass comparable to that of a small galaxy cluster. Dietrich states that gas can account for only about 9 percent of that mass, dark matter appears to make up the rest. Conclusion:In understanding that dark matter is an unseen material which contains its own gravity, the theory alone provides a unique way of understandi ng the structure of our universe. Most importantly, the work of astronomer’s Jan Oort and Fran Zwicky set the stage for astronomers to seek out and understand possible unseen forces at work within our cosmos. This is exactly what astronomer J. Deitrich and his colleague’s did. While there is a host of significant evidence supporting the theory of dark matter, Deitrich and his colleague’s evidence was eye-opening.In concluding if it actually exists, in my opinion its presence is already confirmed. Works Cited Jones, Andrew, and Daniel Robbins. â€Å"The Universe’s Dark Matter and Dark Energy, String theory for dummies. † Dummies. com. Dummies. biz. 2012. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. NASA. What is Dark Matter? Washington: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, 23 Feb. 2012. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. Powell, Devin. â€Å"Dark Matter Filament Illuminated. † Science News Magazine 11 Aug. 2012: 9+. Print. White, Mark. â€Å"Rotation Curves. † Berkel ey Astronomy Department. University of California at Berkeley. 2011. Web. 15 Nov. 2012.

Apple Inc. Historical Analysis

Part A- Historical Analysis: A. Business In: Apple Inc. is engaged in designing, manufacturing and marketing mobile communication and media devices, personal computers and portable digital music players. It also sells a range of related software, services, peripherals, networking solutions, and third-party digital content and applications as well as services and support offerings. Specifically, the company operates in the Technology sector and serves computer hardware, computer software, consumer electronics and digital distribution through the Personal Computers industry.Technology: Apple sells its products worldwide through its retail stores, online stores, and direct sales force, as well as through third-party cellular network carriers, wholesalers, retailers and resellers. The Company sells to consumers both mid and small- sized businesses, education, enterprise and government customers. Apple Inc. manages its business primarily on geographic basis. †¢ Reportable operational business segments include: Americas, Europe, Japan, Asia-Pacific and Retail. o Americas Segment: include both North and South America. Europe Segment: includes European countries as well as Middle East and Africa. o Asia-Pacific Segment: includes Australia and Asian countries; other than Japan. o Retail Segment: operates Apple’s retail stores worldwide. †¢ As of September 24, 1011, Apple Inc. had 357 retail stores, including 245 stores in the United States and 112 stores Internationally. Apple Incorporated NAICS Codes:2 334111- Electronic Computer Manufacturing 334119- Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing 511210- Software Publishers Financials: See Appendix A: Historical Financial DataB. Goal Clarification & Strategies and Tactics Used to Fulfill Goals: Values and/ or Guiding Principles important to Apple’s innovation strategy: 1. Be Your Own Toughest Critic †¢ As the ‘Father of Management’, Peter Drucker once noted, â€Å"Your being the one who makes your products, process, or service obsolete is the only way to prevent your competitor from doing so. † With this strategy in mind, besides from just beating competitors, Apple Inc. ’s success comes mainly from its attempts to beat itself. 2. Lead Customers; Don’t Follow them Apple Inc. distinguishes itself, as a business that creates those alternatives implying that customers cant tell you what they want from a product. 3. Focus on the Few and Sell to the Many †¢ Apple Inc. is focused on selling a few products in each category rather than those companies who sell dozens of models at once. Instead of trying to satisfy every single consumers tastes, Apple Inc. narrows it down and appeals to a broader group of consumers. 4. Institutionalize your Creativities †¢ With the passing of Steve Jobs, Apple Inc. as seemed to hold and treat his values so that Apple Inc. could be far less dependent on him. †¢ Environmental Guiding Principles 1) à ¢â‚¬Å"Meet or exceed all applicable environmental, health, and safety requirements. We will evaluate our EHS performance by monitoring ongoing performance results and conducting periodic management reviews. † 2) â€Å"Communicate environmental, health, and safety policy and programs to Apple employees and stakeholders† 3) â€Å"Design, manage, and operate our facilities to maximize safety, promote energy efficiency and protect the environment† ) â€Å"Strive to create products that are safe in their intended use, conserve energy and materials, and prevent pollution throughout the product life cycle, including design manufacture, use, and end of life management. C. Environmental Analysis †¢ Integrated Brand Promotion is a way of life now. Social acceptance lays in people’s materialistic possessions. o Being the leader in trends, advertising and promoting correctly, and staying ahead of customer wants is key to successful businesses in the technology i ndustry. Patent Laws o Patent laws are good for technology companies because they protect intellectual property. Companies with sufficient funds to patent anything and everything come out ahead of the game. But recent concerns over the licensing on patents for technology has led to a review of the patent process. If patent laws change, Technology companies may only be able to protect their intellectual property for a shorter amount of time that leads to a change in the technology industry’s business processes. Global markets for the products and services are highly competitive and subject to rapid technological change. If companies are unable to compete effectively in these markets, their financial condition and operating results could be materially adversely affected. o To remain competitive and stimulate customer demand, companies must successfully manage frequent product introductions and transitions. †¢ Global Economic Conditions Could Materially Adversely Affect the Industry o The Personal Computer Industry’s operating and performance epends significantly on the economic conditions worldwide. Uncertainty in global economic conditions pose risks as consumers and businesses alike cut/postpone spending in response to tighter credit, unemployment, negative financial news, and/ or decline in asset values or real wealth. †¢ Wars, Trade-laws, Outsourcing and International Business o With many companies outsourcing both product manufacturing and logistical service jobs, wars, trade-laws and international business can adversely be affected if negative factors arise. Transportation costs could significantly increase as well as taxes on the outsourcing of jobs. o Outsourcing of jobs eliminates direct control over production and distribution. D. Competitive Analysis: The markets for the Apple Inc. ’s products and services are highly competitive and are confronted by aggressive competition in all areas of its business. Its markets are ch aracterized by frequent product introductions and rapid technological advancements. Apple Inc. s main competitive factors include price, product features, relative price/performance, product quality and reliability, design innovation, a strong third=[arty software and peripherals ecosystem, marketing and distribution capability, service and support, and corporate reputation. These markets are characterized by frequent product introductions and rapid technological advances that have substantially increased the capabilities and use of mobile communication and media devices, personal computers, and other digital electronic devices.The Company’s future financial condition and operating results depend on the Company’s ability to continue to develop and offer new innovative products and services in each of the markets it competes in. Industry Competitors: Direct Competitors: †¢ Hewlett-Packard Company (HPQ) HP is a leading global provider of products, technologies, soft ware, solutions and services to individual consumers, small- and medium-sized businesses and large enterprises, including customers in the government, health and education sectors.HP offers personal computing and other access devices, multi-vendor customer services, infrastructure technology and business process outsourcing. They also provide technology support and maintenance, application development and support services as well as consulting and integration services. HP also offers imaging and printing-related products and services; and enterprise information technology infrastructure, including enterprise storage and server technology, networking products and solutions, IT management software, information management solutions and security intelligence/risk. Research in Motion Limited (RIMM) Research In Motion Limited designs, manufactures, and markets wireless solutions for the mobile communications market worldwide. It provides platforms and solutions for access to information, including email, voice, instant messaging, short message service, Internet and Intranet-based browsing, and multimedia content through developing integrated hardware, software, and services.It also offers development platform that allow third party commercial and enterprise software developers to build and deploy custom applications to run on BlackBerry smartphones, and various products and technologies to third party developers, wireless carriers, and enterprise customers to develop distribute and manage these applications, as well as a range of software development tools. In addition, the company provides the BlackBerry Messenger Social Apps Platform; and push, payments, advertising, location, analytics, and score loop services, as well as the BlackBerry App World to discover and download/purchase of applications.Further, it offers BlackBerry Enterprise Server tools and technologies that enable secure and managed provisioning of applications; BlackBerry Enterprise App World that a llows employees access to a catalogue of applications; and repair and maintenance services. The company sells its BlackBerry wireless solutions through global wireless communications carriers and third party distribution channels. Research In Motion Limited was founded in 1984 and is headquartered in Waterloo, Canada. Motion Limited †¢ Google Inc. (GOOG) Google Inc. a technology company, maintains an index of Web sites and other online content for users, advertisers, and Google network members and other content providers. It offers AdWords, an auction-based advertising program; AdSense program, which enables Web sites that are part of the Google Network to deliver ads from its AdWords advertisers; Google Display, a display advertising network that comprises the videos, text, images, and other interactive ads; DoubleClick Ad Exchange, a real-time auction marketplace for the trading of display ad space; and YouTube that provides video, interactive, and other ad formats for advert isers.The company also provides Google Mobile that optimizes Google’s applications for mobile devices in browser and downloadable form, as well as enables advertisers to run search ad campaigns on mobile devices; and Google Local that provides local information on the Web.In addition, it offers Android, an open source mobile software platform; Google Chrome OS, an open source operating system; Google Chrome, a Web browser; Google+ to share different things online with different people; Google TV, a platform for the consumers to use the television and the Internet on a single screen; and Google Books platform to discover, search, and consume content from printed books online. Further, the company provides Google Apps, a cloud computing suite of message and collaboration tools, which primarily includes Gmail, Google Docs, Google Calendar, Google translate, and Google Sites; Search Appliance, a search echnology for use within enterprises; Google Site Search, a custom search engi ne; Google Commerce Search for online retail enterprises; Google Maps Application Programming Interface for businesses; and Google Earth Enterprise, a firewall software solution for imagery and data visualization. Competitors: Computer Hardware: †¢ Dell Inc. (DELL) Dell is a global information technology company that offers its customers a broad range of solutions and services delivered directly by Dell and through other distribution channels.Dell Inc. is focused on providing technology solutions that are more efficient, more accessible, and easier to manage. Dell Inc. is a holding company that conducts its business worldwide through its subsidiaries. Dell built its reputation as a leading technology provider through listening to customers and developing solutions that meet customer needs. A few years ago, Dell Inc. initiated a broad transformation of the company to become an end-to-end technology solutions company.They are expanding their enterprise solutions, which include se rvers, networking, and storage offerings. †¢ International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) International Business Machines Corporation was incorporated on June 16, 1911, as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Co. , a consolidation of the Computing Scale Co. of America, the Tabulating Machine Co. and The International Time Recording Co. of New York. IBM has focused on the intersection of business insight and technological innovation, and its operations and aims have been international in nature.The company creates business value for clients and solves business problems through integrated solutions that leverage information technology and deep knowledge of business processes. IBM solutions typically create value by reducing a client's operational costs or by enabling new capabilities that generate revenue. †¢ Cisco Systems Inc. (CSCO) Cisco Systems, Inc. designs, manufactures, and sells Internet protocol (IP) based networking and other products related to the communicatio ns and information technology industries worldwide.It offers switching products, including fixed-configuration and modular switches, and storage products that provide connectivity to end users, workstations, IP phones, access points, and servers, as well as function as aggregators on local-area networks and wide-area networks; and routers that interconnects public and private IP networks for mobile, data, voice, and video applications. The company also provides set-top boxes; cable modem CPE products, such as data, EMTA, and gateways; cable modem termination systems products; videoscape software products; and headend equipment, which include encoders, decoders, and transcoders.In addition, it offers collaboration products comprising IP phones, call center and messaging products, unified communications infrastructure products, and Web-based collaborative offerings, as well as telepresence systems that integrates voice, video, data, and mobile applications on fixed and mobile networks ; and security products consisting of firewall, intrusion prevention, remote access, virtual private networks, unified clients, network admission control, Web gateways, and email gateways, which deliver identity, network, and content security solutions for mobile, collaborative, and cloud-enabled businesses.Further, the company provides wireless products, such as wireless access points, controllers, antennas, and integrated management solutions; data center products, which include blade and rack servers, fabric interconnects, and server access virtualization; and home networking and other networking products. Additionally, it offers technical support services; and responsive, preventive, and consultative support services for its technologies. †¢ Xerox Corp. (XRX)Xerox Corporation provides business process and information technology (IT) outsourcing, and document management services worldwide. Its business process outsourcing services include human resources services; finance an d accounting services; healthcare payers and pharma; customer management solutions; healthcare provider solutions; technology-based transactional services for retail, travel, and non-healthcare insurance companies; programs for federal, state, county, and town governments; transportation solutions; and government healthcare solutions.The company is involved in designing, developing, and delivering IT solutions, such as comprehensive systems support, systems administration, database administration, systems monitoring, batch processing, data backup, and capacity planning services; telecommunications management services; and desktop services.Its document outsourcing services comprise managed print services that optimize, rationalize, and manage the operation of Xerox and non-Xerox print devices; and communication and marketing services that deliver design, communication, marketing, logistic, and distribution services through SMS, Web, email, and mobile, as well as print media. The comp any also manufactures and sells products, including desktop monochrome, color and compact printers, multifunction printers, copiers, digital printing presses, and light production devices for small/mid-size businesses and large enterprises.In addition, it sells paper, wide-format systems, network integration solutions, and electronic presentation systems. The company sells its products and solutions through its sales force, as well as through a network of independent agents, dealers, value-added resellers, systems integrators, and the Web. F. Strengths and Weaknesses of the Organization Strengths: 1) Pioneer of innovation and high-tech quality products. 2) Globally recognized Brand Name/ Brand Image. ) Large segmentation of loyal customers. 4) Amazingly strong Research and Development team. 5) Eye-catching products and experience of Apple’s software both in hands and in Retail stores. 6) Strong presences in education segments. 7) Corporate culture passed down by former CEO an d Founder, Steve Jobs. Weakness 1) Technological products of Apple’s have extremely short lifecycles, this implies that the development and production of new products and services has to be constant. ) Low presence in advertising. Opportunities 1) Great relationship through joint venture with other big companies. 2) Consistent growth in innovation and technology. 3) More international expansion. 4) Increase demand of online retail as well as applications and services. 5) Growing market of â€Å"Green† and energy efficient products. Threats 1) Competition 2) Expensive quality products compared to competitors products. 3) The death of Steve Jobs. ) High product substitution effect in innovative and competitive technology markets. Historical Financial Data: As of June , 2012, Apple Inc. had total sales of $108,249,000 and a net income of $25,922,000. Summary information by Geographic Region for three years ended September 24, 2011(in millions): Net Sales by Geographic Reg ion Segmentation1 2011 2010 2009 America | $38,315 |$24,498 |$18,981 | | Europe |27,778 |18,692 |11,810 | | Japan |5,437 |3,981 |2,279 | | Asia-Pacific |22,592 |8,256 |3,179 | | Retail |14,127 |9,798 |6,656 | | Total: |$108,249 |$65,225 |$42,905 |Summary information by Product division for three years ended September 24, 2012 (in millions): Segment Operating Income by Geographic Region Segmentation1 2011 2010 2009 | America | $13,538 |$7,590 |$6,658 | | Europe |11,528 |7,524 |4,296 | | Japan |2,481 |1,846 |961 | | Asia-Pacific |9,587 |3,647 1,100 | | Retail |3,344 |2,364 |1,677 | | Segment |$40,478 |$22,971 |$14,692 | |Operating- Income: | | | | a) Does not include segment assets nor depreciation, amortization and accretion. A reconciliation of the Company’s segment operating income and expenses for the three years ended September 24, 2011 (in millions): Total Operating Income 2011 2010 2009 Segment Operating Income | $40,478 |$22,971 |$14,692 | | Other corporate expenses (a) |(5,520) |(3,707) |(2,242) | |Share-based compensation expense |(1,168) |(879) |(710) | | Total |$33,790 |$18,385 |$47,501 | |Operating- Income: | | | | a) Other corporate expenses include research and development, corporate marketing expenses, manufacturing costs and variances not included in standard cost, and other separately managed general and administrative expenses. [pic] [pic] Not Sure if Needed: Apple Inc. also manages its business on product divisions. †¢ Reportable operational product divisions include: o Desktops ? Including iMac, Mac mini, Mac Pro and Xserve product lines. o Portables ? Includes MacBook, MacBook Air and MacBook pro product lines. o iPod o Other music related products and services ? Includes sales from the iTunes Store, App Store, and iBookstore in addition to sales of iPod services and Apple-branded and third-party iPod accessories. o iPhone and related products and services. Includes revenue recognized from iPhone sales, carrier agreements, servi ces, and Apple-branded and third-party iPhone accessories. o iPad and related products and services ? Includes revenue recognized from iPad sales, services and Apple-branded and third-party iPad accessories. o Peripherals and other hardware ? Includes sales of displays, wireless connectivity and networking solutions, and other hardware accessories. o Software, services and other sales. ? Includes sales from the Mac App Store in addition to sales of other Apple-branded and third-party Mac software and Mac and Internet service. Summary information by Product division for three years ended September 24, 2012 (in millions): 2011 2010 2009 Net Sales by Product1 Desktops |$6,439 |$6,201 |$4,324 | |Portables |15,344 |11,278 |9,535 | | Total Mac: |21,783 |17,479 |13,859 | |iPod |7,453 |8,274 |8,091 | |Other music related products and|6,314 |4,948 |4,036 | |services | | | | |iPhone and related products and |47,057 |25,179 |13,033 | |services | | | | |iPad and related products and |20,358 |4, 958 |0 | |services | | | | |Peripherals and other hardware |2,330 |1,814 |1,475 | |Software, Service and other |2,954 |2,573 |2,411 | |sales | | | | | Total:|$108,249 |$65,225 |$42,905 | | | | | | 2011 2010 2009 Net Income by Product1 |Desktops | | |$ | |Portables | | | | | Total Mac: | | | |iPod | | | | |Other music related products and| | | | |services | | | | |iPhone and related products and | | | | |services | | | | |iPad and related products and | | |- | |services | | | | |Peripherals and other hardware | | | | |Software, Service and other | | | | |sales | | | | | Total:| | |$ | [pic]

Personal Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Personal Ethics - Essay Example It is beneficial if a nurse who is not a native speaker communicate in English as their second language. This makes it very easy for the nurse to communicate with the patients since most of them speak English. One’s culture impacts on their belief that a warm environment is crucial to maintaining optimal health. In the Filipino culture, formal greetings are usually welcomed with handshakes. Furthermore, a nurse may ask the patients how they feel and nod their heads as a sign of agreement. However, a Filipino nurse may not understand since in their culture head nodding does not always mean agreement. They are also very close to the patients since they believe that kinship goes beyond biological connections. A nurse needs to use an indirect approach when discussing terminal illness for the first time. This has enables effective passage of information without creating the feeling of anxiety. As cited by Ludwick and Silva (2012), nurses need to encourage the patients with chronic illness to have strong faith and they will survive. It is believed that if a person has a strong faith he or she will actually survive. Nurses need to have personal values, such as, managing time. This ensures that they provide care in a timely manner. Studies have demonstrated that nurses are self-less and determined people and always ensure that they take care of the patients as well as clients who deserve suitable and safe care. In some instances, they also apply religious values both in times of happiness and despair. According to Yeo & Moorhouse (2010), ethics in nursing practice entails seeking the best way to take care of the patients together with the best nursing action. Â  It has been found out that ethical values form the basis for collection of codes of ethics. Nurses often act based on the morals and values they have chosen (Mahmoodi, Alhani, Ahmadi, & Kazemnejad, 2008). As cited by Carr and Steutel (2009), morals define a personal character.

Analyse the iconography, conventions and audience expectations (Grant, Essay - 2

Analyse the iconography, conventions and audience expectations (Grant, 2007) of one film genre & assess how (and if) they have changed over time - Essay Example Generally, the film ends with the hero who is the embodiment of goodness and morality triumphing over the villain and more often than not â€Å"getting the girl†. The action film genre undoubtedly consists of some of the most popular and universally watched films and most people irrespective of their age have an action film or hero they admire. The older generation is likely to associate and relate to retrospective stars such as John Wayne and Chuck Norris while the youths may find action to be synonymous with contemporary actors such as The Rock and the recently deceased Paul Walker. Given the complex and fantastic plots involved, most action films are high budget and often require a great deal of CGI effects, which are gradually replacing, although not entirely the highly skilled actors and stuntmen from earlier films. The objective of this paper is to discuss the nature of action films today paying particular attention to the convections, iconography and audience expectatio ns, all which play a major role in defining and differentiation of the genre (Grant, 2007). In the west, popularly portrayed as the â€Å"wild west† by most artistic work of the time, the 20s and 30s were the foundational years for the action and adventure genre. These films were popularized by actors like Douglas Fairbanks and Errol Flynn but the setting predominantly appeared to be a period ones (Marin, 1993). However, with time modern day action films such as the James Bond franchise gradually popularized acting in the present and in the 60s and 70s, although there were still many popular period films majority of the mainstream action were based on present day. The bond films that were among the most popular were characterized with fast action quick cutting vehicle chases hand-to-hand combat and comparatively complex action scenes and sequences. The James bond franchise set the trend for future action and thriller films and