George C. Wallace Essay -- essays research papers

George WallaceThe 1960s were characterized as an era full of turmoil. During this era, one of the most controversial topics was the guard over civil rights. One of the key political figures against civil rights movement and pro-segregation was George Wallace. Wallace represented the racist southern view. galore(postnominal) Americans were segregationist, but Wallace was adamant about the topic. Many established political figures were assassinated, during the 1960s. Martin Luther King, JFK, and RFK were all positive visionaries caused controversy throughout that decade. George Wallace was against the modern government, pro-middle class, and against civil rights. Wallace and many other visionaries were cut down to early in life. Wallace was non killed by the assassins bullet but his political career was changed. The attempt on Wallaces life left him a broken man in a wheelchair. pile remembered the George Wallace who smoked his cigar and denounced the State Department as communist . Wallace was a feared politician who lived in a extract full of beatings and problems. Racism was the norm and Wallace took full advantage of this stratagem to gain political attention. George Corley Wallace was born on August 25, 1919. While att break offing Barber County High School, he was involved with boxing and football. George even won the state Golden Gloves bantamweight championship not once but twice. Wallace then attended the University of Alabama Law School this was the same year his father died. Wallace was strapped for cash, so he worked his way through college by boxing professionally, waiting on tables, and driving a taxi. He received his degree in 1942 from the University. After receiving a medical exam discharge from the U.S. Air Force, he returned to Alabama. In 1946, Wallace got a job as an assistant to the attorney general for the state of Alabama. Wallace polled to become state representative of Barbour County. During his touch off as a state representativ e, he had a number of highlights. They included bills that issued in the industrial era that attracted hundreds of new industries. He was also involved with the GI and Dependents Scholarships Act that provides widows and children access to trade schools and colleges. Wallace entered the governors race in 1958. Patterson ran on the Ku Klux Klan ticket Wallace refused it. The NAACP endorsed Wallace for governor. Wallace lost the g... ...o say, "Im sorry." The leaders accepted his change in heart but they could neer fully forgive him. Former Governor George C. Wallace of Alabama, who built his political career on segregation, died September 13, 1998 at Jackson Hospital in Montgomery. He was 79 and had been in declining health since being shot in his 1972 presidential campaign. Wallace, a Democrat who was a longtime champion of states rights, dominated his own state for close a generation. He also became the only Alabamian ever sworn in for four terms as governor, winning ele ctions in 1962, 1970, 1974, and 1982. He retired at the end of his last term in January 1987. George Wallace was a man of his era who grew up under racist conditions. After the assassination attempt Wallace was a changed man. Later in his life, he admitted that he was wrong for being a segregationist. He has always said that he was not a racist, but he was for segregation. This visionary was responsible for the Civil Rights Act, Voting Rights Act, and Civil Rights Movement. Although he did not want them, his actions dictated the results of these Acts and changes. His dreams died, but they established rights for all minorities.

Early Erectus Tools Found in China :: essays papers

Early Erectus Tools Found in ChinaIn the January/February issue of archaeology magazine, the article Early Homo erectus Tools in China holds additional, yet questionable information about the foundations of the genus Homo. After recent findings of stone tools and animal bones at Renzidong (Renzi Cave) in Anhui Province, eastern China, Chinese scientists have concluded that Homo erectus may have been established there 400,000 years earlier than formerly believed, al approximately 2.25 cardinal years ago. Besides this site being one of the oldest forfindings of early hominins, it has fueled, a debate on the origins of our genus Homo, with some Chinese scientists proposing an evolution of H. erectus in China agree to that in Africa(14). A limestone hollow at Longgupo (Dragon Hill) in Sichuan Province is also in the spotlight for the eastmost-West debate , oer Homo origins (14). This cave has produced a 2 million year old mandible fragments with features supporting both ideas of origins from the Chinese and West, not yielding to asingle, simple explanation. As to where these apes make their signature development onto the open, flat land is debated indefinitely.Approximately 1.7 million years ago, Homo erectus arose in Africa and shortly thereafter spread to other continents, as most scientists believe. As they expanded their range and increased in population, H. erectus may have exterminated H. habilis. Then transition from H. erectus to H. sapiens occurred about 400,000 years ago, and the dispute is over the place of origin of youthful humans. There is considerablecontroversy among scientists as to whether the transition to H. sapiens took place only in Africa, or the evolution of modern humans occurred simultaneously on three continents (Purves 515). With little information that we have now, a strong, clear hypothesis with support is lacking. But these newly recovered fosiils and tools in Renzidong may change things around. The out of Africa hy pothesis suggests a single origin in Africa followed by several dispersals. The multiregional hypothesis, in contrast, proposes parallel origins of Homo in different regions of Europe, Africa, and Asia. But the Chinese believe in the Asian Hypothesis, or Asian origins of the genus.Both sides agree that plate tectonic movements caused climatic changes from East Africa to East Asia. The weather tended to be more seasonal and arid, instigating arboreal apes to move onto the savannah and evolve into upright hominins (Ciochon 15).

kafka Essay -- essays research papers

Mistreatment from the 1800s is Still Reflected in Modern Day SocietyThe fathers explanations were to some extent the basic pleasant news that Gregor got to hear since his imprisonment. (p. 1654) In the story The Metamorphosis, by Franz Kafka, the character Gregor undergoes a metamorphosis into an insect and experiences what its like to step impris unrivalledd and treat within his own habitation. Throughout the story he continuously is mistreated by his family and sadly still reflects modern day families and society. Gregor family consisted of his father, his mother and his sister Grete. onwards Gregor had turn into an insect he was the main provider of income and covered all expenditures for his family. Gregor was the only person that worked in his family and was a traveling salesman. Therefore, his parents and sister stayed at home and did nothing while Gregor worked everyday. Kafka describes Gregors father as having an unsuccessful life and he had grown very fat, becoming rat her clumsy.(p. 1655). His father at one point owned his own business but it had collapsed five years earlier from the day of Gregors transformation. However his father still remained to have a material sense for business. His mother was lazy and found to be less intelligent then the rest of the family. She also was not working. Kafka states, And perhaps the old mother go to work-she, who suffered from asthma, who found it strenuous just walking through the apartment, and who spent every other day on the sofa grasping for air by the turn over window? (p.1655).His sister was seventeen, kind to Gregor, beautiful, and musical. She played the violin. Grete soon took over as head of the house hold when Gregor turned into an insect. With Gregors transformation thus brings slightly the problem of whos going to now provide for the family. This problem then brings upon mistreatment towards Gregor. Many times throughout the story he is forgotten astir(predicate), attacked, and made to fi nd oneself dehumanized and no longer apart of the family. In the beginning of his transformation Grete is the only one who takes care of Gregor. She feeds him twice a day and tries to make real his food is of his liking. His mother in the beginning seems to still care for him but however, cannot bear to look at him or enter the room. The fat... ...ought about others and truly cared about others happiness. However many times he felts pressured by his family to work and feels that helpless and guilty when he can no longer provide for his family. To me this is way he transforms, because he is so pressured he fears it so much that its almost like he willed it to happen. I feel this could have all been avoided. I feel that Gregor should have left his family and started his own life and paid for his own bills. His family did not appreciate him and all that he provided for them so there was no need to consecrate himself under that kind of pressure.I felt The Metamorphosis, by Franz Kafk a, proved to be an excellent science fiction writer through the use of details. His many legs, wretchedly thin compared to his overall girth, danced helplessly before his eyes (p. 1641) this is just one of many example that Kafka uses detail to help the reader visualize Gregor as an insect. general this story provides ideas and activities of society during the late 1800s and modern day life still today. Because of pressure from society and our families we tend to mistreat those around us.

Australian and American Female Nurses in the Armed Forces Essay

Australian and American Female Nurses in the Armed ForcesTo what extent were Australian and American female nurses treated as professionals in the armed forces?We commence made partners of the women in this war shall we admit them only to a partnership of suffering and sacrifice and not to a partnership of privilege and right? U.S death chair Wilson, September 1918 My research for this essay showed that although there were similarities between American and Australian attitudes towards female nurses serving in their armed forces, some elements of the American warfare surgical incision were more reluctant in allowing female nurses to serve as part of the armed forces in World contend One. The different types of sources consulted were useful for different purposes. For example, the Australian Defence Department website (See Web Reference 3) although very detailed, suffers the expected bias due to it being written and published by the nursing corps of the up-to-date Australian milit ary. I also discovered that it was essential to distinguish between different parts of the armed forces because in some instances, like the case of the US War Department and the US Army, they had conflicting views on female nurses serving in World War One. This essay shows that there was a temporary marked change in each country towards the attitude of female nurses participating in the armed forces as the war progressed. However, after the conclusion of World War One, whilst they had earned respect for the nursing profession, their contribution was still not enough to admit them into the armed forces on a permanent basis. The establishment of the Australian Army Nursing Service in New South Wales in 1898 (Adam-Smith, 1984, 16), and in America the creation... ...World War One was still not enough in proving that women nurses were clear of serving as a permanent part of the armed forces. (See Web Reference 5) Works Cited1. http//www.anzacday.org.au/hidtory/ww1/overview/nurses.html 2. http//www.awm.gov.au/1918/medical/nurses.htm 3. http//www.defence.gov.au/dpe/dhs/main/infocentre/history/army/raanc.htm 4. http//www.skp.com.au/memorials/00010.htm 5. http//bss.sfsu.edu.tygiel/Hist427/paddison.htm 6. Bullough, V.L & Sentz, L. American Nursing, a biographical dictionary. Vol I. 2000, Springer, New York 7. Barker, M. Nightingales in the Mud The Digger Sisters of The Great War 1914-1918, 1989, Allen and Unwin, Sydney 8. Cohen, I.B. Florence Nightingale, 1997, Springer, New York 9. Cochrane, P Australians at War 10. Adam-Smith, P Australian Women at War 1984, Thomas Nelson Australia, Hong Kong

Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Essay -- essays resea

transcriptional Behavior Organizations have been described as groups of people who work interdependently toward some purpose. This definition clearly indicates that organizations are not buildings or pieces of machinery. Organizations are, indeed, people who interact to accomplish shared objectives. The study of organizational behavior (OB) and its affiliated subjects helps us understand what people think, feel and do in organizational settings. For managers and, realistically, all employees, this knowledge helps predict, understand and control organizational events. There are not two identical organizations. When you weigh for a job you look for a place that is comfortable to you. Organization behavior is the way we study the people of organizations. All depends on your choice of a small business or a business in the Fortune 500. The way the organization runs itself is something that you have to fit in. This essay is going to guide you through the many different terminologies and concepts. Organization learning is defined as, the process of acquiring knowledge and utilizing information to adapt successfully to changing circumstances (Schermerhorn 5). This course that we are taking is just adept example of organization learning. There are people out there that study organization learning of the businesses out there. This is where you get your comparisons of different organizations. This course has make me look different at the organization that I work for. The world today i...

Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Essay -- essays resea

Organizational Behavior Organizations have been described as groups of people who work interdependently toward some purpose. This definition understandably indicates that organizations are not buildings or pieces of machinery. Organizations are, indeed, people who interact to accomplish shared objectives. The study of organizational behavior (OB) and its affiliated subjects helps us understand what people think, find and do in organizational settings. For managers and, realistically, all employees, this knowledge helps predict, understand and control organizational events. There are not two identical organizations. When you look for a job you look for a place that is comfortable to you. Organization behavior is the way we study the people of organizations. All depends on your choice of a smooth business or a business in the Fortune 500. The way the organization runs itself is something that you have to fit in. This essay is going to guide you through the some divergent terminolo gies and concepts. Organization learning is defined as, the process of acquiring knowledge and utilizing information to adapt successfully to changing circumstances (Schermerhorn 5). This course that we are pickings is just one example of organization learning. There are people out there that study organization learning of the businesses out there. This is where you get your comparisons of different organizations. This course has made me look different at the organization that I work for. The world today i...

The Reluctant Receptionist

The Reluctant Receptionist Why was it important to be specific when describing channel duties? The importance of being specific when describing occupation duties is very important. Having a well effectively developed employee job description is a communication tool betwixt the employee and employer and it can determine the success between the employee and employer. Having a poorly written job description can add confusion to the workplace, also a lack of communication from the confederation. People working for the company may feel as if they do not know what is, to be expected of them.In this scenario not being accurate of the written job description created a problem because it was not written tho it became a verbal description and it had nothing to do with what Virginia applied for. Virginia was not hired to be a receptionist, but was to relieve the receptionist for an hour a day. Virginia felt that this company did not take her seriously and felt unappreciated. Even though sh e has a college degree, and the job she applied for was an HR assistant not a fill in receptionist.The importance of job descriptions Employee job descriptions atomic number 18 written statements that describe the duties, responsibilities, and the qualifications of a particular job. Employee job descriptions are based on information obtained through a job analysis, understanding the skills required to accomplish the task that is needed, and the needs of the company. Having a well written job description can cover legal basis as well, if employment issues should arise it will define the ongoing job responsibilities for the employee.It will also find out the required knowledge , skills and abilities needed to be successful. What can be done in the future to prevent these problems, what are the job duties of an HR Assistant? In order from preventing this happening in the future is to be more detailed into what is expected of the job being performed. When writing a job description tr ain the task, duties, and responsibilities and define each one if needed. Job Description for Human Resource AssistantHuman Resources Assistants are generally assigned to help Human Resource directors and managers keep overfly of employee information. This information could include an employees name, address, job title, compensation, tax withholding information and benefits, such as retirement and insurance plans. Human Resource assistants also help with documentation concerning grievances, terminations, absences and performance reports. Duties of an Human Resource Assistant Human resources assistants may be required to complete a wide variety of duties.Common tasks include answering questions, spring mail, receiving and transferring phone calls, giving directions, creating and distributing documents and providing customer service. Assistants may be required to use either traditional paper filing systems in their work, or more commonly, a computer data entry system. Other functio ns human resources assistants may fulfill include setting appointments, arranging meetings, maintaining calendars, copying files, entering data into computer systems and trailing payments or other financial information.Assistants may also be required to write reports for their managers, compile spreadsheets and prepare presentations. Because they work with the public, human resource assistants must be able to present themselves well and have good communication skills. Assistants must also be aware of privacy concerns and the importance of keeping information confidential. References breeding Portal http//education-portal. com/articles/Human_Resources_Assistant_Job_Description_Duties_and_Requirements. html Career Builder http//www. careerbuilder. com/? cbRecursionCnt=1

Job Rotation: Advantages and Disadvantages

1. Helps Managers Explore the Hidden Talent line of products Rotation is designed to expose employees to a wider range of operations in erect to assist managers in exploring their hidden talent. In the process, they are moved through a variety of assignments so that they can gain awareness ab let out the real working style of the governance and understand the problems that crop up at every stage. Through this process, managers identify what a particular employee is good at and whence he or she is assigned a specific task. 2. Helps Individuals Explore Their Interests Sometimes, employees are not aware of what would like to do until they have their hands on about specific speculate. If their line of business is rotated or they are exposed to different operations, they can identify what they are good at and what they enjoy doing. They get a chance to explore their interests and hidden potential. 3. Identifies Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes Job Rotation helps managers as well as individuals identify their KSA (Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes). It can be used in determining who demand to improve or upgrade his or skills in order to perform better.This helps in analyzing training and development needs of employees so that they can produce more than output. 4. Motivates Employees to Deal with New Challenges When employees are exposed to different jobs or assigned new tasks, they try to give their best while effectively dealing with the challenges glide slope their way. It encourages them to perform better at every stage and prove that they are no less than others. This gives rise to a healthy competition within the organization where everyone wants to perform better than others. . Increases Satisfaction and Decreases Attrition Rate Exposing employees to different tasks and functions increase their satisfaction level. Job variation reduces the boredom of doing same task everyday. Moreover, it decreases attrition outrank of the organization. Employees devel op a sense of belongingness towards the organization and stick to it till long. 6. Helps Align Competencies with Requirements Alignment of competencies with requirements means directing the resources when and where they are required.It assesses the employees and places them at a place where their skills, competencies and lineament are used to the highest possible extent. Advantages(http//smallbusiness. chron. com/advantages-disadvantages-employee-r otation-18994. html) 1. Depth In its Job Rotation Makes You a More Valuable Employee article, temporary staffing industry founder Kelly Services points out that job rotation provides the employer greater depth at positions across the company. By moving employees around, the company develops more workers with skills in each area.If an employee requires a leave of absence, goes on vacation or needs a day off, its good to have several capable replacements to step in and take on the work. 2. Employee Development With job rotation in place, em ployees can move around and avoid falling into a rut in one position. Over time, employees develop more skills in a wider array of positions. This provides job stability and equips them for better opportunities to earn promotions. All of these advantages, and better overall development, makes employees more valuable to their employers.3. Employee Resistance. Job rotation is sometimes met with safeguard from employees in indisputable situations. Experienced employees who are comfortable in their positions are often reluctant to rotate into other spots. Dan MacLeod and Eric Kennedy also noted in their publication, Job Rotation System Report to XYZ Co. , that employees who use equipment and materials in their daily work have a hard time giving up their materials to others rotating in. 4. Training A job rotation strategy comes with be. When you move employees into multiple positions, you must invest time and money into training the workers in all those positions.This not only include s costs for the employees who are rotating, but also the time of the managers and others who must train the employees in each area. A related concern is that some employees arent good fits in certain positions within the company, regardless of the training programs effectiveness. Disadvantages Frequent interruption Job rotation results in frequent interruption of work. A person who is doing a particular job and get it comfortable suddenly finds himself shifted to another job or department. This interrupts the work in both the departments Reduces uniformity in quality.Quality of work done by a trained worker is different from that of a new worker . when a new worker I shifted or rotated in the department, he takes time to learn the new job, makes mistakes in the process and affects the quality of the job. Misunderstanding with the union member Sometimes job rotation may lead to misconceive with members of the union. The union might think that employees are being harassed and more wo rk is being taken from them. In reality this is not the case. Experienced workers not wanting to learn new types of work.

Capital Markets and Market Efficiency

Part 1The cost- in effect(p) grocery store hypothesis states that in all(a) financial markets argon efficacious in their use of in trunkation to determine prices. This means that investors cannot expect to achieve excess profits that atomic number 18 more than the median(a) market profits with similar risk factors, devoted all avail fitted in shaping at the current time of investment, aside from through and through some form of luck. In part 1 of this report we forget discuss the three distinguishable forms of market expertness that Eugene Fama identified in her 1970 report. These can be explained as follows1) Weak form strengthFama (1970) observes that a market is efficient in weak form if past swallows cannot be used to predict current hold price changes. It likewise assumes that prices on assets that are traded familiarly already have and use all available info on the stock at both moment in time. It therefore stands to reason that the weak form of the market effi ciency hypothesis means that past returns on stock are unrelated with future returns on the same stock. Future prices cannot be predicted by studying carefully the past prices of the stock. Excess returns cannot be earned over an extended item of time by utilise investment strategies that are based only upon the historical prices of shares or differing forms of historical analysis. This means that this style of technical analysis will not be able to produce high levels of returns on a consistent basis for investors. Overall one cannot expect future price changes to be predicted by using the past stock prices. Simply put weak form efficiency assumes that historical analysis on past stock entropy is of no use in predicting future price changes on stocks.2) Semi-strong efficiencyThe semi-strong market efficiency form progresses from the aforementioned weak form market efficiency by stating that markets can even out easily and very quickly to new information that is provided about various stocks. Fama (1970 383) cites semi- strong efficiency as whether prices efficiently adjust to other information that is publicly available. e.g. announcements of stock splits, etc Here it is assumed that asset prices fully reflect all of the publicly available information on the stocks implication that only those investors who manage to possess additional unique information about the stocks could have an advantage over the market to make bragging(a) gains. This form also asserts that each price outliers are found quickly and on this basis the stock market manages to adjust. In a semi-strong form efficiency share prices are able to react quickly to new information made available publicly in a quick manner so that no large returns can be gained from using the recent information. This leads us to imply that neither fundamental analysis or technical analysis will be able to produce consistent excess returns.Strong-form efficiencyStrong-form efficiency assumes that prices ref lect completely any type of new information about the market be that public or private information. Fama (1970 383) says that strong form tests are concerned with whether given investors or groups have monopolistic access to any information relevant for formation, however Fama claims that the efficient hypothesis model still stands up well. The strong form claims the market price also includes different forms of insider information and not but public information, and this is how it differs from the semi-strong form. The implications of this is that no one at all can therefore have any kind of advantage over the market in soothsaying of the stock prices as no practicable additional data exists which would provide additional value to any investor. However, if any legal barriers exist which prevents the spreading of reusable information, such as insider trading laws for example, then this form of market efficiency is not possible.Part 2 The effectual Markets Hypothesis was introd uced by Eugene Fama in 1970. The chief(prenominal) idea of the Efficient Market Hypothesis is predominantly that market prices must take into account all available information at any given point. then meaning that no one can outperform the market by using readily available public information aside from through luck. A market is said to be efficient if the price fully reflects information about that market, for example if the price of the stock would be unaffected if all information surrounding it was revealed to all stakeholders in that market. Part two of this report will be critically discussing the deduction for and against the Efficient Market Hypothesis and whether it is possible to exploit market inefficiencies. The implications for investors and companies of the Efficient Markey Hypothesis will also be considered.Arguments For the Efficient Market Hypothesis To begin with following the birth of the efficient market hypothesis the theory was widely accepted, and it was wide ly assumed that the markets were very efficient in taking this information into account (Malkiel, 2003). It was accepted that when information came to the fore this would spread rapidly and would then be incorporated almost instantaneously into the share prices without hesitation. This meant that technical analysis, study of prior stock prices, nor any analysis of relevent information of a financial sense would lead an investment to achieve more successful returns than holding random stocks which have a comparable risk factor. Dimson and Mussavian (1998) observe that the evidence accumulated during the 1960s and 1970s was consistent with the Efficient Market Hypothesis view. There was a substantial backing for the weak and semi strong Efficient Market Hypothesis forms.Even though more recent times have seen an attack against the Efficient Market Hypothesis, Roll (1994) still observes that it remains fantastically difficult to make a high level of profit on a consistent basis even w ith the wildest variants of stock market efficiency. These violations of market efficiency are oftentimes sporadic events that do not last for a period of time. This can be seen by looking at the fact that on the whole profitable investment successes are referred to on a consistent basis as outliers (Dimson and Mussavian, 1998). Malkiel (2005 2) says thatthe strongest evidence suggesting that markets are generally quite efficient is that skipper investors do not pulsation the market. Indeed, the evidence accumulated over the past 30-plus years makes me more convinced than ever that our stock markets are remarkably efficient at adjusting correctly to new information.This is showing that the markets must be efficient due to the fact that professional investors do not on the whole beat the market, and therefore all available information must be taken into account by the market prices and thus there is no gain to be had by any investors by using past prices, or publicly or privately readily available information.Arguments against the Efficient Market Hypothesis Malkiel (2003 60) observes that by the beginning of the twenty first century the intellectual dominance of the efficient market hypothesis had become far little universal and academics were starting to suspicion the premise and were not accepting it as they had done previously. Shiller (2003 83) states that, contained in the EMH is the idea that speculative asset prices such as stock prices always incorporate the lift out information about fundamental values and that prices change only because of good, tenable information. However he then moves on to discuss how not all information is sensible and not all actors are rational, this would conflict with the efficient market hypothesis which relies on information having a large impact on the prices of stock.As well as this several recent reports have shown a range of empirical evidence which suggests that stock returns can actually possess components o f a foreseeable nature, therefore also rejecting parts of the efficient market hypothesis which profess that looking at past trends do not allow for excess gains when investing on the stocks against the market. Keim and Stambaugh (1986) state that using forecasts based on a number of factors can find statistically significant predictability in a range of different stock prices. Lo and MacKinlay (1988) reject the random walk hypothesis, which is so often considered with the efficient market hypothesis theory, and show that it is not at all consistent with the random nature of weekly returns. Empirical evidence of return behaviour which has been anomalous in the form of variables such as price to earnings ratio (Fama and French, 1992) has defied any kind of usual rational explanation and has resulted in a great number of researchers considering their views and opinions of market efficiency.Evaluation and Implications for Investors In conclusion, it is clear to see that market price s are not always predictable and that the markets have made large errors at certain points in time, for example at the recent dotcom internet bubble. Here it was obviously possible to exploit the market inefficiency to make money for investors. In the short run it may be possible to exploit these sporadic inefficiencies, but in the long term true value will always come to the fore. As long as these markets do exist, due to it being reliant on the judgement of investors, there will occasionally be errors made and some participants In the market are likely to behave in a less than rational manner, as is inherent in human nature. As well as this all information will not necessarily be sensible and investors are not likely to necessarily use it rationally. Thus irregular pricing or predictable patterns on stocks can appear and be apply from time to time.In terms of the implications for investors in terms of the efficient market hypothesis, it is plain to see that all markets cannot be one hundred percent efficient all of the time or there would not be an incentive for people who are professionals in the field to discover different facets of information that is often quickly reflected by market prices (Grossman and Stiglitz, 1980). However, things such as the 1999 dot com bubble are exceptions rather than the rule to providing investors with extraordinary returns on their investments to exploit market inefficiencies. Therefore one could assume that the markets are efficient more often than not, and Fama (1970) is on the whole correct. This could lead to the conclusion in agreeing with Ellis (1998) and the overall idea that active honor management is indeed a losers game. Malkiel (2005) further advises on Ellis claim and professes that indexing is likely to produce higher rates of return than active portfolio management. This is becoming more and more likely to impact investors as markets become more and more efficient, as Toth and Kertesz (2006) show in their ex amination of an adjoin in efficiency of the New York stock exchange. Therefore investors are required to question if it is indeed possible or feasible to exploit market inefficiencies using strategies the efficient market hypothesis calls into question.BibliographyDimson, E. and Mussavian, M. (1998). A Brief History of Market Efficiency. European Financial Management. 4(1) 91-103.Ellis, C. (1998). Winning the Losers Game, McGraw-Hill New York.Fama. E.G, (1970). Efficient Capital Markets A Review of Theory and Empirical Work. The Journal of Finance. 25(2) 383-417Fama, E. and French, K. (1988) Dividend yields and expected stock returns. Journal of Financial scotchs.(22) 3-25.Fama, E. and French, K. (1992). Common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds. Journal of Financial sparings. (33) 3-56.Grossman, S. and J, Stiglitz. (1980). On the Impossibility of Informationally Efficient Markets. American Economic Review. 70(3). 393-408.Keim and Stambaugh (1986). Predicting returns In the Stock and Bond Markets. Journal of Financial Economics. 357-290.Lo and MacKinlay. (1988) Stock Market prices do not follow random walks Evidence from a simple specification test. Review of Financial Studies. (1) 41-66.Malkiel, B. (2003). The Efficient Market Hypothesis and Its Critics Authors. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 17(1) 59-82Malkiel, B. (2005). Reflections on the Efficient Market Hypothesis 30 Years Later. The Financial Review (40)1-9Shiller, R. (2003). From Efficient Markets Theory to Behavioral Finance. Journal of Economic Perspectives. 17(1) 83-104.Toth, B. and Kertesz, J. (2006). Increasing market efficiency Evolution of cross-correlations of stock returns. Physica 360(2) 505515.

Costs and budgets

The management of be is a very important aspect of managing financial resources. If be be not managed effectively, it can nothingness to profits being damaged and the business potentially unable today its expense. Keeping within a reckon, increasing income in order to cope with wobble and making sure that working capital is available and bills and set aside for emergencies is all part of the balancing exercise. be managed to budget McDonalds budget was adverse as there was a miscalculation and McDonalds managed to overspend.This is because the management team at McDonalds under budgeted on certain aspects like staffing, security and utility bills. Costs managed to budget there atomic number 18 two main types of costs dogged cost these are costs that do not change regardless of the scrap of goods that sold or services that are offered. These costs include rent, insurance, salaries. Whatever McDonalds rents whether its 100 or 10,000 products, these cost must be paid. Vari able cost these are costs that change depending on McDonalds output.So if McDonalds makes a burger it will have varying requirements for amounts of bread, meat, fish, cheese and lettuce head will depend on how many burgers the make. queer even point Businesses can use the calculations that they make of fixed costs, variable costs and sales to work out the point at which their costs affect their sales. This is don as a break-even, this is essential for McDonalds as this will work out how many products they need to produce and sell which will conclude them to know whether they are making a profit or a loss.To work out the break even you have to do a formula BEP= Fixed Cost / Sales Variable Costs per unit. This means that to work out break-even pint (BEP) you have to take fixed cost and divide it with the Unit piece and take-away the variable cost per every unit. When McDonalds calculates their break-even point this would give them an understanding on how many products they need to sell before they can start to make a profit. There are two main costs that need to be managed to budget which are fixed costs and variable cost.Fixed costs are costs that do not change regardless of the number of merchandise that is sold or services that are offered. These costs are things such as rent, insurance and salaries. Regardless if the business is not making enough profit these costs have to be paid. Variable costs are the costs that change according to the output. These costs can change according to how many products are made for example MacDonalds costs will depend on their product which is for example burgers. They will have varying requirements for the about of meat, burger buns, and so on how many burgers it makes.Budgeting is a very difficult process because it looks to give a guide to how much the business thinks it will spend in the future. Some businesses choose to use zero budgeting where the departments in a business are stipulation no budget. But they have t ask the managers of their department for money based on what they think they will use in that social class. The opposite of it is allocated budgeting this is when money is allocated for a budget and divided up into the amount of departments and the amount of people working there.The budget is normally set at the start of the financial year and the business must stick to its predictions. If the business is making more profit than they predicted that the outcome of that will be positive. Variance analysis is when a business measures the exit between what is budgeted and the actual costs or the sales revenue. If the result is better than expected than the budget is known as favourable but if the sales are lower than expected than the budget is known as adverse.A business should monitor the variances because is the business notices them early enough it can make changes to them and get underpin on track. Businesses can use the calculations that they make out of fixed costs, variable costs and sales to work out the point at which their costs tinge their sales. This is known as break even, it shows how many products they need to produce and sell or the services they need to offer, the Business needs to get to the point where they are not making a profit or making a loss.

Academic Qualification Cannot Ensure Life Sucess

Do you have iphone or ipad? I believe that even you dont have one you also know Steve Jobs, the father or the symbol of Apple, the computer firm, he founded, lost, and then regained. Do you think he is a undefeated person? I do. Do you think your parent who raise you to be who you are today are advantageful person? I do. Actually, the definition of success differs from person to person and field to field. For some people it is having a lot of money, for others it may be having the time freedom to play golf once a week, and for others it may be raising their children to be good people or having a large group of close friends.For every one of us, there is a different definition of what success is for others. However, for more people, academic qualification is essential for life success . How many times did your parents tell you that make sure you worked severe in high school so you could go to college and get a good career job as the first step in the success stair? I heard it mill ion times. You might not sure about it but you saw a good portion of adult did. further whether school and college grades and examination results provide a way of predicting or ensuring future success.As I do a simple searching in Google, I found that there are about 200 million results for the term got degree but no job. It means there are many people out there who struggle to find a job even they have academic qualification. Moreover, according to Australia bureau statistics, there was 7. 2% of unemployed people who have degree or certificate. The reality has been shown that academic qualification screwingnot guarantee life success but other factors.Back to the story of Steve Jobs, he dropped out of Reed College in Portland, Oregon after only one semester to earn money for food but later on, he said If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. It is similar to neb Gates and Paul Alle n, co-founder of Microsoft, lets image that they was waiting until they got college degree to start their career, maybe we couldnt never see one of the biggest computer firm as Microsoft today.Therefore, academic qualification is not the key thing to ensure future success but personalities, characteristics, experiences, willingness to learn, EQ and opportunities. Chasing degree or academic qualification, in general , can make people distract from others important things that contribute to life success as network, relationship, experiences, etc. Moreover, many young people just randomly study the courses similar to their friends, families advices, or something hot but ignore what they are truly like.Finally, college with assignment, exams would make people follow the old road, think inside rather out of doors the box or limit the creation which is together combined with inspiration, passionate are the key factors of success. In conclusion, academic qualification can be a ticket for you to enter the life with knowledge and shelf-confidence, but there is no guarantee for life success with academic qualification only. So it is importance to arrange what is what it to be successful and then set our hearts and minds on achieving it.

Ethical Leadership and How to Create a Positive Work Environment Essay

Leadership nowadays has encountered various problems. One of the most common one and which is contaminating the main business environment is that individuals at take form be not engaging as they should. We amaze to ask ourselves, why is this happening and how seat we prevent it? Dr. Charmine Hartel commented in the seminar that almost 20% of all the quick workers in every organization do not work in favor of it. Instead they engage against the organization in various ways. This is a genuinely big issue, because this means that there is something happening inside the organization and its leadership that is making these counter-productive acts. Recent researches that have been made show us that there are 3 different things that usually happens in the organization that get the workers to engage in a bad way their work as they should. * Work environment* Negative Work Environment* StressWhen the soul is under stress chemicals are released that weakens functions of the brain that gives us a higher level of structure (this is called the prefrontal cortex). When stressed, we are likely to engage inappropriate actions and lack the ability to regulate our emotions. With this in mind, we are encountering serious problems for the organization, because if these workers dont have the use of their brain area they are not going to be able to engage the work they can and should do. Ethical LeadershipThe fruits of ethical leadership are unconditional Work Environments, also known as PWEs. PWEs exists when the workers see their places as positive, respectful, inclusive and psychologically safe, and when leaders and coworkers are trustworthy and there exist an yield diversity characterized in just policies and decision making. The entire above are needed to complete and get a PWE.PWE provides the set of emotional experiences necessary for homosexual flourishing. We know that on average the positive emotional experiences outweigh the negative emotional ones. So, with th is in mind, when you see your environment is safeyou have the ability to start world more creative and start being yourself. We should always keep in mind that an emotion is a response of the person when they have a special(prenominal) event. They can have Destructive or constructive consequences. Organizations are responsible for the work environment they create. This is called the organization culture. When people and how the people interpreted the environment virtually their workplace. This is around how the organization context shapes the meaning and actions of its members. People management have the need to build resilience, diversity openness and be able to create a support to people trough change. There always exists the need to belong and to be valued for our uniqueness. Servant LeadershipMany leadership approaches think about other things and focus their attention on what the followers need and develop things around them. Its an approach around the about the energy and direct it to the best place. With that in mind looking at the person as a whole being, not just as one more worker. One of the key things is that they can understand the core value of the workers and respect them as they deserve. There exist the emotion focus coping and problem focused coping they both have constructive and destructive emotions and impulses. The Giving Voice of Values (GVV) is designed to help individuals learn to recognize, clarify, speak and act on themselves when those conflicts arise. The focus is on how a theatre director raises this issues in an effective way.

Nordstrom Human Resource Paper

Nordstroms employees and management atomic number 18 the conjunctions most invaluable resource. An denomination written in the Seattle PI describes exactly why this is true. It states that, Nordstrom gross sales tidy sum make decisions as if managing their own craft they be trusted to do what is right. Every matchless and only(a) else in the community is at that place to facilitate the sales round make the sale and please the customer (Mulady, 2009). The way the employees be treated and valued is a perfect portrayal of the companys mission of providing the best possible customer service and value to the customer.Even though the salesperson is the front man for the company, the human resource and management squad act as the glue that holds the company to becomeher. The president of the company, Blake W. Nordstrom, says that people in support locatings give care myself or someone in human resources that isnt on the floor manning a register, needs to lowstand that their hypothesise is to make use of the energy and the activities theyre doing contribute to a improve customer and employee experience (HR Magazine, 2006).It is, t here(predicate)fore, extremely of the essence(p) that the runers in the human resource department stay connected to the selling process in enounce to stay connected with the employees, as it is this connection that helps the employees append the best service to their customers. Company History and Background In 1887, 16- socio-economic class-old boy invoked fanny W. Nordstrom left his home country, Sweden, for the city of New York City. He arrived with only quin dollars in his pocket, unable to speak a word of English and started working(a) in currency mines.One morning in 1897, he picked up a report and read the front-page headline Gold Found in the Klondike in Alaska. Although the labor was hard he managed, in cardinal categorys, to earn $13,000 in a gold mine stake and returned to Seattle. Back in the Northw est, John was eager to invest his money. In Alaska John became best friends with Carl Wallin, who owned a shoe repair bring out in rectifytown Seattle and it was not long before the two decided to go into partnership and open a shoe set up together. In 1901, the two clear their first shoe depot, Wallin & Nordstrom, in downtown Seattle.This was the start of what would become the retail legend of Nordstrom, Inc. From the ancestry, Johns stage business school of thought was based on exceptional service, selection, choice and value. The company built a devoted customer base and in 1923, the partners added their second interpose. In 1928, John Nordstrom retired and sold his function of the company to his sons, Everett and Elmer. Carl Wallin retired a year later and overly sold his share of the company to the Nordstrom sons. The leash son, Lloyd, joined the team in 1933.The company soon grew to become the largest independent shoe image in the United States. By 1960, Nordstro m had eight stores in Washington and Oregon, and the downtown Seattle store became the largest shoe store in the country. By the early 1960s, the company was smell for new ways to spread its wings. Venturing into the clothing market, Nordstrom purchased Best Apparel, a Seattle-based clothing store, in 1963. Three years later, Nordstrom purchased a Portland, Oregon fashion retail store and merged it with their existing Portland shoe store.For the first time, customers were greeted with a selection of both shoes and fine apparel under a new store name Nordstrom Best. Mens clothing and childrens wear were added in 1966, expanding the store to meet the wardrobe needs of the entire family. Business prospered and deep down two years, two new stores opened in Washington. In 1968, the three br new(prenominal)s decided to retire and hand the company over to the third Nordstrom generation. The company was now led by Bruce, James and John Nordstrom along with Jack McMillan and family friend Bob Bender. The company went public in 1971.Just two years later, Nordstrom sales passed the $100 million mark and the company was acknowledge as the largest-volume West Coast fashion specialty store. This same year, the name was formally changed to Nordstrom, Inc. By 1975, the company had expanded into Alaska, and the first Nordstrom Rack was opened in Seattle as a clearance center for full-line store merchandise. Three years later, the company moved into the competitive California market and by 1988, Nordstrom had made the bountiful move to the East Coast with the opening of a stunning new store in Virginia.Organizational and Individual Relations and Retentions Nordstrom is a dynamic place to admit a biography because of the multitude of characteristics and backgrounds. Of the Companys total conflict, 42. 2 percent are people of color and 72. 1 percent are women. On top of that, 31. 9 percent of the management population is comprised of people of color and 73 percent are women . Nordstrom empowers its employees to set their sights high and blaze their own trails. This is a place where the employees prox success and growth are truly a result of their own efforts and achievements.They strongly believe in promoting from inwardly, because this offers employees a unique opportunity to learn the companys business from the ground up. Hard work, loyalty, competitive spirit and commitment to the customer are all-important(prenominal) factors employees need in order to grow within the company. Nordstrom Strategies Recognizing any success Nordstrom savors basic quality of their relationships with customers, employees, vendors and communities. Striving to be a socially responsible company and know that the trust of the customers is to have is not to be taken lightly.Making responsible business decisions is something Nordstrom has done for a long time. Nordstrom was one of the first retail companies to offer profit sharing to its employees in 1952, and each year d onated millions of dollars to nonprofit partners crosswise the country. Nordstrom was also the first among their direct peers in fashion-specialty retail to print on Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)-certified paper with 30 percent recycled content. Recruitment, Selection and homework The companys goal is to attract the best talent, so it makes cracking business sense to recruit from a assorted population.They achieve this by utilizing targeted media, job fairs, community organizations and college placement centers. Each of these methods helps the company find the individuals who support Nordstroms goals and values. The recruiting process is typically done online, where candidates can apply for job opportunities. Depending on the position, one resulting either start the online application process or be asked to submit a resume. Than the individual, whom skills and abilities match an open position, will be contacted by a recruiter, department manager or human resources assistant.A fter an initial conversation, a decision will be made. If there is a potential fit the person will set up an surplus interview time where they will meet physically. Diversity Training forms an important part of Nordstroms diversity efforts. The company had an Executive ill-doing electric chair who looked after Human Resources and Diversity Affairs. In addition, Nordstrom had an another(prenominal) Vice President who addressed issues regarding Corporate Diversity Affairs at the company. Equal physical exercise and Diversity The business of fashion is international, multi-cultural and diverse by nature.At Nordstrom, this makes for an exciting retail environment and value the richness it brings to our Company. One of the best ways Nordstrom has found to go away excellent customer service is by ensuring what reflects the communities it serve having a workplace that attracts and supports diversity, benefits both customers and employees. (Nordstrom, 2009) Nordstrom believes each of t heir employees has the opportunity to realize their potential and contribute to the success of their Company. This philosophy is reflected in the company understanding that success comes from people.The broad range of experiences, backgrounds and cultures the employees bring to the company creates a unique atmosphere. At Nordstrom, ongoing efforts to encourage a diverse environment are found throughout the Company, from hiring and promotion to their Supplier Diversity Program. Nordstrom believes that one of the best ways to be a socially responsible business is to create a workplace where people can be financially successful and grow a rewarding career. Throughout their history, Nordstrom has created a workplace where people feel valued, outstanding transaction is rewarded, and entrepreneurial spirit is encouraged.In the spirit of entrepreneurship, Nordstrom authorize its employees to run their own business within the companys four walls. Although Nordstrom has been fortuitous to have been recognized by lot magazine as one of the best places to work, there is always room for improvement. Employees at Nordstrom are most valuable resources and as a company Nordstrom is committed to support them through upholding diversity, offering workers with benefits and opportunities for career growth.Supplier diversity seeks out and develops relationships with qualified women-and minority-owned businesses are the keys to the Nordstrom Supplier Diversity Program. In 1989, Nordstrom launched the Supplier Diversity Program to help attract qualified vendors that might not otherwise consider Nordstrom as a potential client. Nordstrom recruits a simple range of women and minority owned vendors in three categories merchandise, supplies and run, and construction. Since the program began, Nordstrom has spent more than $8 billion with minority and women-owned businesses. Legal Framework of Equal EmploymentAs Nordstrom contracts to do products in various countries, it has an opp ortunity to address a wide range of factory issues throughout the world, especially workers rights. To address these concerns, Nordstrom created a Social Responsibility team in 1994. This team works closely with companys product group vendors to see that Nordstrom label products are made in accordance with relevant laws and ethical labor practices. Additionally, as a buyer of merchandise from around the world, Nordstrom expects the companies that they work with to do business by acting responsibly.Through the Partnership Guidelines, riveting on social responsibility in manufacturing, and by forming strong alliances with non-profit organizations the company can better protect the human rights of those in the companies supply chain. Nordstroms partnership guidelines check topics much(prenominal) as forced labor, child labor, wellness and gum elastic, harassment and abuse. The company social responsibility in manufacturing gives an overview of how the business upholds responsible relationships with vendors.Over the years, Nordstrom has formed strong alliances with third party organizations including Business for Social Responsibility, the Fair press Association and Fair Factories Clearinghouse. These partners, among others, act as checks and balances for Nordstrom in its efforts to protect human rights. Forced Labor Nordstrom will not conduct business with any Partner that uses involuntary labor of any kind including prison labor, indentured labor, or forced labor. Overtime essential be voluntary. Employees shall not be required to lodge deposits or identity papers upon commencing employment with the company or as a condition of employment.Child Labor Partners will not employ anyone under the age of 15, and or younger than the age for completing compulsory education, or under the minimum ages established by applicable law in the country of manufacturer, if higher than the age of 15. Furthermore, Partners of any kind must comply with all local laws pertain ing to the restrictions on young workers under the age of 18, including restrictions on their exposure to situations in or outside of the workplace that are hazardous, unsafe, or unhealthy, and Partners will tin adequate protection from such(prenominal) exposure. NondiscriminationNordstrom hard believes people are entitled to equal opportunity in employment. Although the company recognizes cultural differences exist, Nordstrom will not pursue business relationships with Partners who discriminate in employment practices (including hiring, wages, benefits, assigned duties, advancement opportunities, discipline termination or retirement on the basis of sex, race, color, religion, gender identity, age, sexual orientation, national origin, marital or maternity status, work or person-to-person affiliations, political opinion or social or ethnic origin, or physical, mental or sensory disability).Harassment and Abuse Nordstrom expects its Partners to treat all(prenominal) employee with respect and dignity. No employee will be subject to any harassment, which includes any physical, verbal, sexual or psychological harassment or abuse. Partners will not use monetary fines as a disciplinary practice. Furthermore, workers must be free to voice their concerns to Nordstrom or Nordstrom appointed staff, and must be allowed to participate in the Nordstrom canvas process, without fear of retaliation by factory management. Health and SafetyNordstrom seeks Partners who provide written standards for safe and healthy work environments and the prevention of accident and injury to the health of their workers, including adequate facilities and protections from exposure to hazardous conditions or materials. These provisions must include safe and healthy conditions for dormitories and residential facilities, and they must comply with local health and safety laws and standards. Wages and Benefits Partners shall set wages, overtime pay and statutoryly mandated benefits and allowance s in compliance with all applicable laws.Workers shall be paid at least the minimum legal wage, or a wage that meets applicable local industry standards, whichever is greater. Documentation and Inspection Nordstrom intends to monitor compliance with our Partnership Guidelines and to undertake on-site inspections of Partners facilities. Partners will maintain, on file, all documentation necessary to demonstrate compliance with these Partnership Guidelines, and will authorize Nordstrom and its designated agents (including third parties) to engage in announced and unannounced monitoring activities to interpret compliance, including confidential employee interviews.Nordstrom will review and may terminate its relationships with any Partner found to be in violation of the Partnership Guidelines, including denying access to approved monitors. granting immunity of Association Partners will respect workers rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining. Lawsuits Nordstrom to Pa y $292,500 to Settle EEOC Harassment Lawsuit On April 17, 2009 the U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity bearing announced that Nordstrom will have to pay $292,500 to 10 former employees and furnish other remedial measures to settle a harassment lawsuit.EEOC had charged that the department store manager harassed Hispanic and African-American employees based on their national origin, race, and color, and retaliated against those who complained about the harassment. According to the EEOCs lawsuit, a manager harassed the Hispanic and African-American staff at the Palm Beach Gardens and Wellington Floridas stores. Even though the employees complained about the harassment, the company only did the minimum to help them. The alterations manager retaliated against those who complained by move the racially offensive comments, unfairly berating mployees and citing them for alleged performance problems. Under the terms of a consent decree Nordstrom will have to pay for the handicap and distrib ute its policy addressing unlawful harassment to all employees in the Wellington and Palm Beach stores provide harassment training, post a notice on the resolution of the lawsuit, and submit a semi-annual report to EEOC on all harassment complaints start outd during the next two years. Working at Nordstrom Nordstrom has believed in promoting from within.The promote-from-within policy offers employees a unique opportunity to learn the business from the ground up and grow a rewarding career with Nordstrom. Its not uncommon for people who started on the sales floor or in the stockrooms to stay with the company for 20 years or more, taking on new assignments as they grow. The majority of executives began their careers with Nordstrom as salespeople or in the stockroom. Generally, Nordstrom looks for great sellers who love fashion and are passionate about helping customers.The idea of corporate social responsibility is not new to the company. Since the beginning Nordstrom has made every effort to run an ethical business where people want to work and shop. The social responsibility efforts help the company connect with customers and employees and help drive results. Striving to offer its customers the best possible customer service, social responsibility is a subject that requires continuous improvement, and is something that Nordstrom can always get better at. Jobs and Job AnalysisWhen one works at Nordstrom, each day is full of new challenges, friends and goals. At Nordstrom employees are encouraged to try new things and share their passion. This is a place to build a rewarding, lifelong career. Nordstrom sell Internship Opportunities Nordstrom is looking for individuals with a passion for retail who is motivated achievers and hardworking team players. As a Nordstrom Retail intern, the intern will receive mentoring and training in the exciting world of fashion through experiences that a person will not find in the classroom.During the internship the intern will h ave the opportunity to learn from the experienced people who bring the Nordstrom experience to life, gain hands-on experience by serving Nordstroms customers, participate in sales and customer service events, gain exposure to a variety of management responsibilities, earn a competitive wage and receive an employee merchandise discount. Upon completion the intern will be offered an Assistant Manager or salesperson position, depending on availability and intern preferences. Nordstrom is proud to be named to Fortune magazines list of 100 Best Companies to Work For. Nordstroms believes this recognition comes from their desire to empower their employees to set their sights high and blaze their own trails. Nordstrom is a place where its employees future success and growth are truly a result of their own efforts and achievements. Nordstrom Stores and Merchandising Nordstrom wants to be the ultimate fashion destination for its customers and provide a superior experience. From meticulous tai lors to knowledgeable salespeople to innovative merchants who bring the latest trends and fashion to Nordstrom stores, their teams are comprised of talented people who work hard to delight the customer.The rewards for working at Nordstrom are many, employees find recognition for their unique talents and energies, they also work in an environment that gives individual freedom to excel and create their own career path, employees develop gratifying one-on-one relationships with customers and are able to choose from satisfying positions in commissioned sales, merchandising, Nordstrom restaurants, operations, support and Nordstrom Spa. Restaurants and Specialty CoffeeWhen employees work in one of Nordstroms restaurants or specialty coffee veto, they become an important part of a team that delivers professional and humpable dining and coffee experiences for Nordstrom customers. The employees will enjoy working with stylish, comfortable setting with outgoing co-workers who share the same passion for great food, coffee and service, also employees are able to bring their own personal passion for food and service to Nordstrom concepts featuring casual and classic dining alternatives and regional menus designed to suit Nordstrom customers.By working at the restaurant or coffee bars employees choose from an assortment of career possibilities, including line and prep cooks, cashiers, servers, hosts, bussers, dishwashers, chefs and management. Nordstrom Rack Nordstrom Rack is where customers go for top-of-the-line fashion and accessories. An employee working on the Rack team has the opportunity to enjoy flexible hours, a friendly atmosphere and competitive pay along with benefits. Nordstroms created a fun, fast-paced, self-service environment that gives its employees the opportunity to grow.The employees learn the ins and outs of fashion sell and customer service. They can choose their title from a range of positions in non-commission sales, customer service and stock. I n addition, employees are encourage to choose the best position fit, full time or part time, in order to find their inspiration. Compensation, Variable Rewards, and Executive Pay It is very important for a company to realise what the executives collect in comparison to what a normal employee does. This has been an issue in business and politics because higher management have more rewards and more income than others such as sales associates.For this matter Nordstrom has a compensation committee. The direction is responsible, subject to thanksgiving of the board, for establishing and maintaining a broad compensation program for the president and executives of Nordstrom in order to attract, retain and motivate key contributors to the success of Nordstrom and its affiliated companies, for reviewing and discussing with management Nordstroms compensation discussion and analysis, and for preparing an annual report on executive compensation to be included in the Nordstrom proxy statement .Below are the list of duties and responsibility of the committee Annually review and approve the corporate goals and objectives relevant to the president and executives compensation, and evaluate their performance Salary paid to the President and Executives The grant of any cash-based bonuses and equity compensation to the president and Executives The award of any benefits or perquisites to the President and the Executives To review managements annual performance evaluation of the Executives and to monitor the annual performance process for executives not evaluated by the Committee To prepare an annual report on executive compensation to Nordstrom shareholders for inclusion in its proxy statement or annual report on Form 10K in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange thrill To recommend to the Board where it deems suspend that an employment separation, or change in control agreement be established with any Executive and the terms of such agreement To review, approve, administer, amend, and/or make recommendations to the Board relating to all Nordstrom cash-based and equity-based inducement compensation plans To review managements recommendations for, and approve as it deems appropriate, long-term incentive award levels or other incentives to non-Executive key contributors to the success of Nordstrom and its affiliates To review and approve any benefit plans, retirement and deferred compensation or other perquisites offered to Executives, including eligibility and the level and types of benefits or perquisites provided To consult with the President regarding monumental organizational structure changes and to advise the Board regarding the implications on any Executive compensation or benefit programs concerning such changes To undertake such other responsibilities, tasks or projects as the Board of Directors may delegate or assign to the Committee from time to time To conduct an annual self-evaluation of the Committees perf ormance to determine whether the Committee and its fragments are functioning effectively in adherence to this Charter To review and approve managements recommendation for contributions attributable to the profit sharing portion of Nordstroms 401(k) Plan and Profit Sharing, and additional profit sharing payouts, if any To review and discuss with management Nordstroms CDA and based on that review and discussion, recommend to the Board that the CDA be included in Nordstroms annual proxy statement To receive periodic reports upon request by the Committee on Nordstroms compensation programs as they coin all employees To periodically review and make recommendations to the Board with respect toNordstroms stock ownership guidelines applicable to Nordstrom employees and directors and to monitor compliance with the stock ownership guidelines by those individuals The Committee shall establish such rules, regulations and procedures as it determines appropriate and reasonably necessary for it to undertake its duties and responsibilities as set forth in this Charter The Committee shall maintain appropriate procedures to ensure accurate meeting agendas and minutes are prepared and filed in draft form as soon as practicable, with such Meeting proceedings presented to the Committee for approval at the next regularly scheduled Committee Meeting.Such meeting agendas and minutes shall be filed in the Committee Minute Book upon approval The Committee shall have the sole authority to engage any consultants, legal counsel or advisors to provide services the Committee deems necessary and advisable to run for out the foregoing responsibilities, to approve all of the terms of such engagement including compensation, and to terminate any such engagement (Nordstrom, 2008) While talking about compensation, here is an example of how much Blake W. Nordstrom makes out of Nordstroms sales. Blake W. Nordstrom has been CEO of Nordstrom for eight years and has been with the company for 34 yea rs. He is 47 years old and ranks 11 within retailing. Blake W. Nordstroms total Compensation is 8. 15 million dollars thus his five-year compensation 21. 21 million dollars. 6-Year Annual Total Return20% 6-Year Return coitus to Industry112 6-Year Return Relative to Market118Blake W Nordstroms Compensation Vs. Retailing Medians Salary $0. 70 mil $1. 01 mil Bonus NA $0. 84 mil Other $0. 07 mil $1. 06 mil product line Gains $0. 71 mil $0. 00 mil Total Compensation$1. 47 mil $4. 39 mil Nordstrom has different types of compensation for its employees. For example, when someone works at Nordstrom they get 40 percent off on all store merchandise. They also do recognitions such as employee of the month. Since Nordstrom is a retail store, employees get special incentive programs and they also work for commission which gives employees an incentive to work harder and sell more resulting in them earning more money.Employees also get recognition awards that recognize individual employees for th eir performance or service. Benefits Nordstrom is a respectable company to work for because an employee receives a strong benefits package. In addition, they ranked 72nd in the list of the top companies to work for, and use to be at the 36th place. Even with the bad economy, no cuts were made in pay or benefits for their employees. Nordstrom state, as a Nordstrom employee, you should feel confident that your health and upbeat are among our highest priorities. To that end, Nordstrom offers comprehensive, flexible benefits to our employees and their families. Below is a list of the different benefits offered at the company Health BenefitsMedical/Vision medical, vision and prescription drug reportage Dental basic preventive dental services and orthodontia Employee Assistance Program confidential consultations, information and referrals, 24 hours a day Income Protection purport Insurance financial protection in the event of a cover family members death Disability Program income replacement to assist you if you are unable to work due to disability Long-Term Care financial protection for you or an enrolled family member who can no longer perform covered everyday activities Accidental Death and Dismemberment Insurance financial protection for you and your eligible family members in the event of accidental death or dismemberment loneliness Benefits 01(k) Plan defer a percentage of your pay as pretax deferrals, post-tax Roth deferrals or a combination of both. Nordstrom matches your deferral, dollar for dollar, up to 4% Profit Sharing share in the Companys success through Company contributions to your retirement account Flexible Spending Accounts Set aside pretax dollars to pay for eligible health care, dependent care and commuter expenses Time off Leave or Absence Program time away to recover from an illness, care for a family member or serve in the military Paid time off time off with pay for your personal and family needs Sabbatical program vi week of unpaid time off to use any way you like Life/Work BenefitsMerchant Discount a 20% or 33% discount of regular employees and eligible dependents Group Legal Services access to local legal assistance for a wide range of services Group Home/Auto Insurance group, discounted insurance rates for auto, home, renters, and other personal property Discount and services/Work Stream Rewards discount on high-quality goods and services Resources and Referrals/Life Care counseling, education and referral services to help you make life decisions on everything from childcare and academics to financial services and retirement Employee Stock buy Plan Purchase Nordstrom stock at a discount Additional Benefits and Services Direct Deposit Jury Duty Pay Nordstrom Bank Nordstrom national Credit Union U. S. Savings Bonds Supporting the Environment In 2007, Nordstrom recognized the need to centralize existing efforts and created a multi-divisional group of leaders to come up with a comprehensive soc ial responsibility strategy.In order to do so, they talked to the employees and some of the best customers to learn more about whats most important to them when it comes to social responsibility. They focus on the following areas Supporting Communities, Sustaining the Environment, Protecting Human Rights, and Caring for their people. Nordstrom hopes to develop stronger relationships with their customers and be a better global steward with this strategy. Nordstrom recognizes that the stores facilities make an environmental blow and for many years it has been involved in recycling, energy and water conservation and overall waste reduction. In 2008, Nordstrom formalized a commitment to the environment with the reality of social responsibility strategy.Its the company goal to reduce the impact on the environment by focusing on resource conservation, waste management, package and product innovations and organic cotton wool development, as well as incorporating sustainable options thro ughout their restaurants. The company is trying to increase recycling and decrease use of denigrative chemicals and toxins. Across the stores and operations, Nordstrom is taking a closer look at how to reduce impact on the environment through innovations in sustainable merchandise, eco-friendly bags and boxes, and organic cotton development. As a fashion specialty retailer, Nordstrom sells branded merchandise from vendor partners and contract to manufacture private label products. The company has decided to focus on one issue directly related to what it does, and it now funds an organization that increasing the worlds supply of organic cotton.In addition, Nordstrom restaurants and coffee bars are finding ways to have a healthy impact on their customers, employees and the planet. From organic teas and Fair Trade coffee to nutritional labeling. Supporting Communities Although the environment is an important component of social responsibility, Nordstrom recognizes that social responsi bility goes beyond just being green. The companys financial support and involvement is important to the diverse communities it does business with. Therefore, its social responsibility strategy encompasses some of its existing practices in community giving, the United Way and international development.Overall, the company wants to give back to the communities that believed in them. As outlined in its Contributions Guidelines, its community giving takes the form of cash contributions, community partnerships and volunteerism. The selected areas of focus are the arts and culture, education, health, community development and the environment. Each year, Nordstrom donates millions of dollars to non-profits organization across the country. They also implemented the Nordstrom Scholarship Program, which supports education in most of the communities where it does business. In addition, Nordstrom has been a strong supporter of the United Way for almost six decades.It also supports several glob al organizations and projects including the HER Project, Organic Exchange, and vendor education programs. Current Financial Summary Nordstrom operates outlet stores in addition to department stores. Nordstrom Rack outlets appeal to customers who like the department store and the labels it carries but not necessarily the prices. Outlet shoppers visit to take advantage of bargains on items that did not sell at the department store or did not make it as far as the sales floor when a product line was discontinued. Recent financial results suggest that, in the recession, outlets may be giving shoppers who are not inclined to indulge at their favorite luxury department stores an alternative where they can shop and salvage feel financially responsible.In March, Nordstroms beat analyst comparable store sales predictions, a relatively positive development despite the fact that those sales, generated in stores open for a year, were off by 13. 5 percent. Outlets helped mitigate greater softne ss elsewhere with comps at Nordstrom rack up 0. 1 percent versus down 16. 9 percent at department stores. In the recession, Nordstrom has been adding rack locations not just to satisfy bargain hunters but also to take advantage of good real estate deals that have been emerging. The rack has been a great vehicle to offer Nordstrom products at an off price as well as other products that consumers buy. Nordstrom, Inc. (NYSEJWN) describe net earnings of $81 million, or $0. 7 per cut share, for the first quarter ended May 2, 2009. For the same quarter last year, Nordstrom reported net earnings of $119 million, or $0. 54 per diluted share. Included in the 2009 first quarter results was a benefit of approximately $12 million, or $0. 06 per diluted share, related to the closure of the companys 2007 federal tax return audit. Excluding this benefit, 2009 first quarter net earnings were $69 million, or $0. 31 per share. light up sales in the first quarter were $1. 71 billion, a decrease of 9. 2 percent compared with sales of $1. 88 billion during the same period in fiscal 2008. First quarter same-store sales decreased 13. 2 percent compared with the same period in fiscal 2008.

Agriculture of the Mayas and the Ancient Egyptians Essay

Agri goal is in the heart of any not bad(p) subtlety, which in turn, erects great empires. The origins of empires all stem dismantle to smaller pieces of civilizations. It is responsible for feeding and sustaining the vastness of great empires. Of course, unmatched has to become a suitable place to harvest or delineate for aliment. Agriculture differs from one civilization to the abutting but it is all essentially important. Egyptians were actually a population consisting mainly of farmers. Mayans were no exception they rivet on agricultural needs and thitherfore developed advanced technology in that area.Agriculture is do up of many factors like water, soil, or orbitscape. A civilization needs to know how to cultivate crops starting signal off beca enforce there are many meanss in which one can take a plant. Different tools can be used for incompatible crops and that highlights the start of a civilization. Then comes hunting, which is unique to all(prenominal) cultu re since the land provides certain wildcats for aliment and it is up to the population to decide which animal is most favored and should be hunted for the most. After work and hunting animals, the civilization decides what foods are to a greater extent preferable and next time they would go for those crops or animals. This stimulates the civilization to domesticate preferable animals and grow preferable crops. It is a miscellany of m some other(a) nature and the preference of the civilization.The Egypt civilization developed in one of the puffyst dry desert areas in the world larger than the whole of Europe. It would turn in been a miracle if race could settle there. People were able to anticipate it solely possible because of the Nile River which crosses an almost rainless desert from south to north carrying the waters of Lake Victoria more than than 3000 miles to the Mediterranean Sea. In ancient times, Egypt settled in the last 700 miles of this waterway.The land of Egypt had a poor renewing of plants there were very few trees. The wild bod and the acacia was the only if common forest trees and they grow in a isolated fashion. There are also fruit trees such as the date and dom palms and the fig tree. Less trees meant that wood was scarce as well. It was less convenient for Egypt. In the dry conditions of the desert, there was a barely any plants, herbs or vegetables. It is miraculous how the Egyptians formed a culture with this poor agriculture.On the other hand, Mayans lived in the land of Mesoamerica, which had plentiful trees and re kickoffs. In their land, the animals were abundant and the climate was favorable. However, the Mayans had a great population of people and this meant that they would need a hole of food. Sustaining this large population meant that good dry land methods would be necessary.Farming methods reanimate an important cut off in agriculture. Some civilizations are more complex than others. However, advanced techn ology does not always win in agriculture. Sometimes, the good old common sense method will bring more to the table than intense and vicious cultivation. The way people cultivate crops will also gleam in their tools and becomes part of their culture.Agricultural technology depends on the land. The civilization can choose to be at loggerheads or gentle depending on how much resources is available. The Mayans had a enormous amount of resources, therefore, Mayan farmers were aggressive on the land. They took on a method of swiden (shifting cultivation), which means they took what they needed and left the land to nature. However, this abandonment of corrupted land was not productive because they would run out of resources. The Mayans probably sensed this because they later evolved into a intensive multi-crop cultivation. They started to take guardianship of the land. In this effort, much labor was needed to sustain the circleive cultivation of crops. This concludes that most Mayans w ere farmers and were in the work force of mass cultivation.Egyptian farming methods were not very advanced. The Egyptians favored simplicity. The farmers would supply water to their crops by offset making trenches on the Nile River, bringing it as close as possible to the fields and then establishing a draw-well. In the case of a perennial garden, water would be carried to the square growing-beds in pairs of pottery jars hang on long wooden poles on the shoulders of men. Where there was fertile land, they grew cash-crops to be sold for profit abroad.Egyptian farmers also utilized animals in their farming. For example, farmers would use sheep to help them grow clavus. Farmers would start by filling a small bag with seed and scattering it across the field. After it is scattered, sheep would be driven over the freshly sowed fields. This helps pack the seeds in the soil. Using this method, farmers were able to handle large fields. This method saved the farmers a crew of time.The M ayans and the Egyptians two had different farming method. Both methods were molded to provide goods to their civilizations. Neither method was more superior. so far though Mayans had more advanced methods, Egyptians had to use very primitive tools because of the land they lived in. This restriction probably caused Egyptians to go for more simple methods. However, one thing is clear Mayans had a much more developed farming technology than the Egyptians.A civilization will show its true colors when it comes to the hunting of animals. After an animal is captured, the people can choose to kill it or breed it. If a civilization is crimson, they will hunt and kill animals to handle their hunger. However, a civilization which chooses to domesticate animals deplete a greater sense of look upon and patience towards the animals. This will prove that the treatment of animals will reflect on the civilization.Farming was not the only important factor in Mayan agriculture. In fact, Mayan ag riculture started with the hunting of wild animals and the cultivation of wild crops. track down animals is important to agriculture because different tools were made to hunt different animals. The Mayans loved hunting. In a study, researchers constitute that over 8 months, peasant- hunters carried out a total of 175 hunting trips. Most hunting was do during the dry season (January-April). Mayans really depended on wild animals for food. Therefore, the violence was necessary for their survival.Egyptians domesticated more animals than they hunted. They held animals as consecrate and proverb them as companions. Upon all animals, the Egyptians respected the ox the most. The Egyptians dressed them up and talked to them like humans. They make up gave cattle as sacrifices to the gods. This meant that the Egyptians did not depend on the animals for food. This is a good example of how domestication of animals reflects the situation of the civilization towards animals.In comparison, M ayans were much more violent towards animals than the Egyptians were. The Mayans saw the animals as food while the Egyptians saw them as something holy. However, animals were more abundant in the Mayan world when compared to Egypt. It could very well be that since Egyptians realized that there was a scarce amount of animals, they should be held sacred. In the Mayan culture, since they saw so much animals and they were more violent than the Egyptians, they probably decided that it was a better idea to eat these animals than to take time domesticating them. Therefore, the Mayans incorporated more nub in their diet than the Egyptians.The average diet of different civilizations will decide which foods were more popular in the culture and in turn what foods would be grown or hunted. This makes a difference in agriculture because not all foods are taken from the wild. If a certain food is liked more, the civilization will work to preserve it through farming or domestication. This is onl y in the case when that food is less abundant in the land and the civilization truly cannot live without the specific food.The food that was gathered from farming and hunting made up the diet of the Mayans. The everyday diet of this civilization also resembled the eccentric of agriculture they had. For Mayans, they were lovers of corn. Their diets consisted of mostly corn. This reflected in their agriculture because they cultivated mostly corn. On the other hand, Mayans ate other crops too but their diet remained intensively to corn, beans and squash. When it came to meat, Mayans favored turkey over everything else. Turkey was prized in the Mayan culture they hunted wild turkey most of the time. Mayans also knew about spices because they used chili peppers to spice up their food. Chili peppers was prized almost as much as corn since it was the main spice the Mayan used. Chili peppers were mass cultivated just like corn. The Mayan diet would seem very close to a vegetarian diet. Ho wever, they were also intensive hunters and that meant their diets contained meat as well. All in all, the Mayans had a healthy and simple diet consisting mostly of vegetables.The Egyptians held animals sacred and therefore, most Egyptians were vegetarians. In fact, the ox was seen as such a sacred animal that the Egyptians allowed the oxen to have meals with them. They fed the ox like how modern people would feed their dogs. They had a diet of mostly barleycorn and wheat. The dependence on these foods meant that barley and wheat were extensively cultivated. There were also other foods such as corn and date fruits, but barley and wheat were favored among all else.Mayans and Egyptians were very different when it came down to diets. They did not have much in common. However, their diets showed how it could change agriculture. The more they loved a certain food and depend on it, the more it was seen in the fields of the farmers. For Mayans it was corn and for Egyptians, it was wheat an d barley. Because they favored it, it was grown more.The farming of certain plants were questionable because it was not seen in the Mayan or Egyptian diet. However, further research shows that some plants were only cultivated for their medicinal purposes. Medicine plays an important part in agriculture because it comes from the land. As people follow to use the plant more for medical use, they are contributing to the growing agriculture.Civilizations usually made euphony from their surroundings. It is interesting to discover how the surrounding land was used to provide medicament for the civilization. The useage of medicinal drug has a large effect on what herbs or plants were grown because if it was essential to the civilization, there was a higher production of these plants. Mayan medicine contained food. Some were from odd sources. For example, chili peppers was not only a condiment for their food. It was actually used as one of the medicine. As mentioned before, chili peppers were one of the most cultivated plants along with corn. This is a perfect example of how medicine played a role in agriculture.The Egyptians did not have much knowledge for medicine. They were naive replete to believe that the cure for all illnesses could be found on a particular plant they called Dgam, or the olive tree. The greater number of medicine were of vegetable origin. They depended very much on the land for medicine. However, in some cases, there were rare instances when animals were used for medicine for example, pig teeth, lizard blood and putrid meat were among the favorites of the Egyptians for medicine use.The Mayans and Egyptians needed medicine to take care of their inhabitants. However, the methods they used were both very simple. The Mayans and Egyptians used different plants since they had different needs. The Mayans relied on food sources like the chili for cures. The Egyptians relied on plants like the olive tree, which did not do much for medicine. The oliv e tree was more unearthlyly healing rather than physically helpful. In the stove of medicine, Mayans win over the Egyptians because their medicine was more powerful and scientific. Egyptians only based their medicine on spiritual beliefs of another power living inside their medicine.Agriculture consists of many different factors but it has essentially the very(prenominal) idea the gathering of people working together to keep each other alive. This collectiveness is the beginning of a civilization. The mass cultivation of crops needs storage places and tools for efficiency. People need to build homes to accommodate the storage of food. subsiding down means relying on a certain area for food. Agriculture is always going to ternion to the start of a civilization.Mayan built their civilization somewhere where the food is accessible. The surplus of food happened to be corn that became their main diet. Hunting turkeys was a preference because the agriculture of the land called for turkeys. They developed complex systems to tend to their farms. The Mayans were storied for their stone pyramids. They used the most abundant source of material they could find in the land and that is part of agriculture. The food, the land and the lifestyle that the Mayans had depended largely in part to their agriculture.Egyptians built their civilization on the harshest of environments. However, they were able to use the Nile River to their advantage. The abundant amount of water in the Nile made it possible for Egyptians to build a truly alien empire. The Egyptians were famous for their sandstone pyramids. Their pyramids consisted of the desert sand and it was made possible only because the abundance of agriculture was there. The Egyptians used the land to their advantage by incorporating the Nile River in their farming systems. They favored wheat and barley because there was a lot of it. The land gave them what they needed and they built upon that foundation.The Mayans and th e Egyptians were both very different in agriculture. The Mayans had the luxury of abundant food. personality provided Mayans with trees, animals, crops and water. Nature was not so generous with the Egyptians. Their land is probably the direct opposite of the Mayan land. They did not have abundant food and they did not have much animals either. The climate zones were also completely different. The Mayans had warm temperatures and damp environments. The Egyptians had to go through harsh, hot sun and sand storms.Although the Mayans and the Egyptians seemed like they had nothing in common, there was a few things that were similar in both civilizations. First off, the Mayans and the Egyptians both had pyramids. They built it with the most abundant source they could find. Another thing they had in common was the workforce. They both had farmers who worked together to mass cultivate crops. The Egyptian workforce and the Mayan workforce was pretty impressive due to the fact that it was a ll focused on farming. In both cases, they believed that agriculture was important to a civilization.Agriculture can be many things. It can be the way people hunt for resources, grow resources and use resources. Agriculture can be summed down to the abundance of resources. one time a civilization has settled down, the most abundant resource will begin to show in their culture. The heart of civilization is agriculture and it is as important because it will build up a civilization.

Examine the Role of Rawiri in the Whale Rider Essay

Rawiri plays an important role in the romance which helped unfolding the evets, ranging from belittled to significant ones. He touch bases the up to nowts in the Whale Rider as the role of the narrator, allowing the readers to form judgements and learn or so things such as the Maori way of life and the characters through his eyes. He in addition give us his insights as he highlights themes and issues mentioned, like racial discrimination.Besides that, he is the one who sees the many signs of Kahus destiny as the scarperer of the tribe, piecing up a complete picture of her veritable(a)tual rise as the leader. Additionally, he is her guardian, perpetually protecting and appearing out for her. With his pityfree record, he often provides comic relief especially in times of tension. As the narrator, Rawiri relates the events through his personal experience and conversations. This allows us to have a deeper understanding of what had happened that lead to the progress of the story.For example, we know what the relationship between Koro and nanny-goat is unusual yet endearing as they often quarrel in a chidish manner, like during the time Nanny rowed out to sea to get him pole when he was out sulking about(predicate) Kahus birth. We excessively know that Nannys headstrong personality is partially influenced by the fact that her ancestor, Muriwai, inspires her to champion the rights of women. All these enable us to know more about the characters and thus understand the reasons behind certain actions these characters make.He also highlights the theme of gender discrimination through Koros steadfast opposition to Kahu as he virtually hurled her out of the meetinghouse, a place non for females, and told her to go away many times, not even considering her as a potential leader even though she displays many outstanding qualities like leadership skills. During his time at Papua New Guinea, he also highlighted the issue of racial discrimination as he himsel f with the other natives are discriminated and marginalised.Rawiri is referred to as home dogs and strays by Clara and that Jeffs family did not care to even send Bernard to the hospital when they knocked him down because he is only a native. Through his insights, we get to know the harsh reality of class distinctions that is existent among different races, starring(p) to ostracism. Besides that, Rawiri witnesses the signs foreshadowing Kahus future as the leader of the Maori tribe. Kahu is multi-talented, is the leader of the culture group and hunch forward to sing the Maori songs and even gave her speech at the end-of-year ceremony entirely in Maori.At such a young age, Kahu unusually displays many outstanding qualities that is required for a leader, and this suggest to the readers that she has what it busys and will eventually take up the leadership position as well. She cried during the whale-beaching movie, not even a lollipop would satisfy her and even make a mewling sound at her throat when she witnessed the scene of whale-hunting on the beach. This shows that she is able to empathise and relate to the whales and in that respect is a sense of communion between them, an ability that not even Koro possessed.He also saw her retrieving the stone from the deep waters, when all the other boys could not even do it. His narration of these events tells us that Kahu is unique and extraordinary, her astounding feats outshines the rest and thus hints to us that Kahu will do something great and lead her tribe. In addition, Rawiri is also Kahus guardian and protector as he is always seen to be trying his scoop to ensure her safety and well-being. During the whale-beaching movie, he felt protective like a father and felt that should smell after her till the world ended.Rawiri regards himself as a fatherly figure to her and tinctures the need to look after her, protecting her from all the rain and storm. Also, when Kahu went out to sea in an attempt to save the whales, right away I (he) ran through the waves, plunged into the sea and yelled to her, a despairing cry. Even though he was frightened by the heavy seas, he bravely ploughs on for her as he does not exigency to lose Kahu and felt a strong responsibility to get her back to safety, even if he would precisely have to go down this whales throat and pull Kahu right out.This shows the consummation of his guardianship of Kahu as he takes pains to protect this mentally strong yet fragile fille of eight. Lastly, he also provides humour in different moments in the novel, especially in times of tension. For example, when Nanny felt indignant and unfair regarding the exclusion of women during school sessions, Rawiri managed to lighten the tense atmosphere through his amusive phone conversation with Cheryl and bringing Kahu to the movies instead, with the girls assessing whether I (he) had now become marrying material.By inserting comic relief, there is a variation in the whim throughou t the novel and thus the readers do not feel perpetually a sense of pressure and tension, and are able to feel relaxed. Also, the way Nanny cherished to look her best despite her failure as she wears a hat that must have looked fantastic in the 1930s and added a bit of this and a bit of that until it looked just like something out of her veg garden is a comic element which enables us to find her as an endearing character even though she is old-fashioned. By providing humour, it lightens the overall atmosphere and learn more about the characters.In conclusion, Rawiri narrates the events in the novel through his point of view and highlights certain themes and issues presented by the author. He is also he guardian of Kahu and takes care of her, assuming a fatherly position. Furthermore, he is the one who consistently sees the signs of Kahus fate to rise up as the next leader of the tribe. Lastly, he also provides comic relief which help to lighten the mood of the novel, especially du ring times of tension. He is definitely an important character which helps the story to progress efficiently.